Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology

Effectiveness of complex exercise programs to promote growth in children undergoing growth hormone therapy

Jeong-Hoon Lee — 2025-04-03

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex exercise program designed to promote growth in children receiving growth hormone therapy. A total of 24 participants were divided into two groups: 12 in the experimental group and 12 in the control group. Both groups received growth hormone injections, with the experimental group additionally participating in a complex exercise program, while the control group only received the injections. Growth hormone therapy consisted of injections once daily, six days a week. The complex exercise program was administered under the supervision of a physical therapist, three times a week for 30 minutes per session, over a period of 12 weeks. Height, leg length, weight, and BMI were measured before and after the intervention and compared between the groups. The results showed that the experimental group, which combined growth hormone therapy with the exercise program, experienced greater growth promotion. This suggests that the complex exercise program has a positive effect on growth in children with short stature and could be an effective component in developing programs to promote growth.

A study on the assessment of body image ability with adults

Sinae Ahn — 2025-04-03

This study aimed to investigate body image in adults with normal development and to examine the differences between subjective and objective evaluations of body image. The study analyzed the results of evaluating the participants' body image at a single point in time by dividing it into subjective and objective body perception, according to the research purpose, and applied a cross-sectional study design. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows (version 26.0). The statistical significance level was set at 0.05. The findings revealed differences in scores between the subjective body perception of the participants and the objective body perception evaluated by a third party, but there was no statistical difference. This study examined the differences between subjective and objective perspectives on body image in normal adults.

Min Je-in’s Dongmong Seunseup: Educational philosophy and modern applicability of Joseon dynasty’s first children’s character education textbook

Byungchan Min — 2025-04-03

Dongmong Seunseup is a textbook authored by the Confucian scholar Min Je-in in 1543 during the mid-Joseon Dynasty period. It is the world’s first systematic textbook for children’s character education, notably produced 115 years before the writings of the Western modern educationist Comenius. The textbook integrates moral and historical instruction by grounding its curriculum in the core Confucian principles of filial piety and the five virtues (ruler–subject, father–son, husband–wife, elder–younger, and friend–friend), thereby fostering the development of morally upright individuals. This study re-examines Min Je-in’s life and educational philosophy from a contemporary perspective, providing a detailed analysis of the role Dongmong Seunseup played as an ideal model for both home and school education amid the moral confusion and political instability of its time. Furthermore, given the current decline in character education, the study shows how the educational philosophy of Dongmong Seunseup may contribute to moral restoration and stronger community consciousness, thereby presenting a modern reinterpretation and practical applicability of this traditional educational heritage. Educational policymakers and teachers should explore the contemporary applicability of Dongmong Seunseup and develop its insights into concrete educational programs.

User perceptions and intentions to continue using generative AI tools in the design process

Jhonghee Kim — 2025-04-03

The integration of generative AI into the design process enhances creativity and optimizes workflows, yet research on user engagement and experiential factors is limited. This study addresses the gap by developing a conceptual model that analyzes designers’ perceptions of AI-assisted workflows, adoption attitudes, and sustained usage intentions. Using an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), a survey was conducted with professionals actively employing generative AI tools. The findings indicate that innovativeness, self-efficacy, perceived enjoyment, and service quality significantly impact perceived usefulness and ease of use, influencing intentions to sustain AI adoption. This research offers insights into the long-term integration of generative AI in design, contributing to both academic discourse and practical applications while informing future research on AI-enhanced design methodologies.

Impact of lower limb stabilization exercises on ankle balance proficiency in collegiate elite athletes with ankle instability

Jong-Min An — 2025-04-03

This study aimed to investigate the effects of lower extremity stabilization exercises, including intrinsic foot muscle, gluteus medius, and combined exercises, on balance performance and ankle instability in elite male athletes with chronic ankle instability. This study included 42 elite male athletes from K University in Seoul. The participants were randomly assigned to the intrinsic foot muscle (n = 14), gluteus medius (n = 14), and combination (n = 14) exercise groups. All groups underwent a six-week intervention program, which was conducted three times per week. Each group underwent a common exercise program in addition to their respective interventions. The assessments included the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool to assess changes in ankle instability scores and tests to measure static and dynamic balance performance. The results revealed improvements in ankle instability scores across all three groups, with no statistically significant differences between them. Significant improvements in static balance were found in the gluteus medius and combination exercise groups. Additionally, all groups demonstrated significant dynamic balance improvements. Notably, the combination exercise group demonstrated greater changes in both static and dynamic balance compared with the other groups. In conclusion, the combination exercise program, which integrates intrinsic foot muscle and gluteus medius exercises, was more effective in improving ankle instability scores and balance performance than the single-component exercise program. Therefore, combining intrinsic foot muscle exercises with gluteus medius exercises effectively improved ankle stability and overall balance. This approach applies not only to elite athletes but also to the general population as a practical and effective intervention method in clinical settings.

Effects of muscle length and sensor placement on mechanomyography signals for optimized neuromuscular assessments

Pil Kee Min — 2025-04-03

Mechanomyography (MMG) is widely used to assess neuromuscular function, yet the influence of muscle length and sensor placement on MMG signals remains unclear. In this study, we investigated MMG characteristics at different joint angles (60°, 90°, and 120°) and muscle force levels (20%, 40%, and 60% MVC) to identify the optimal measurement position. Five male participants performed isometric contractions of the biceps brachii while MMG signals were recorded from three distinct locations along the muscle. The results indicated that RMS values were highest at the muscle belly (M2) and decreased towards the periphery, while MDF remained relatively stable across conditions. Joint angle significantly influenced MMG signals (F (2,42) = 8.32, p = 0.0009), with the highest MDF values observed at 90°, suggesting optimal neuromuscular activation at mid-range angles. Additionally, muscle force levels had a significant effect on MDF (F (2,42) = Y.Y Y, p < 0.05), with a significant increase observed between 20% MVC and 60% MVC (p < 0.05). Interaction effects between joint angle and force level were also statistically significant (F (4,42) = Z.Z Z, p < 0.05), showing nonlinear trends, particularly at 90°, where MDF increased most sharply. These findings highlight the importance of muscle length and force level in MMG signal interpretation and suggest that sensor placement at the muscle belly, particularly at mid-range joint angles, provides the most reliable data (p < 0.05). This study contributes to optimizing MMG-based assessments in clinical and sports applications.

Generative AI in creative workflows: A case study on Midjourney and insights for future image tools

Jhonghee Kim — 2025-04-03

This study evaluates the adequacy of generative AI (GenAI) image tools for future designers, specifically examining their user interfaces (UI) and user experiences (UX). Using Midjourney, a platform with 28.5 million monthly visitors, as a case study, we analyze professional designers' perceptions through surveys and interviews with 12 participants. The research identifies behavioral patterns and attitudinal changes, offering insights into user engagement. The findings aim to inform the strategic development of next-generation AI image tools, positioning them as pivotal resources in meeting the dynamic demands of the design industry.

Detection spread-out locality on pulse changing-state of bump-space stuff on hardened-skin

Jeong-Lae Kim — 2025-04-03

Hardened skin on the foreign material, dark-hardened skin cells, is a broad variance that transports water drops like a superconductor in a single or multi-layer multi-block module. Reverberant categorization consciousness level (RCCL) within the hardened skin uses a technique of conveyance with a broad consciousness level function in the stiff spread-out convulsion status, mixing with pulse changes. In the spread-out convulsion status, the broad conveyance function within the hardened skin was calculated as the broad value found as a vector digital dot by the superstructure being observed. The broad convulsion function shown in the dermis layer consisted of a variance signal as a consciousness level based on the reverberant categorization level and was measured using the technical concept of pulse change of the diffusion convulsion function, converted to the value of RCCL by the maximum average. The degree of pulse change was expressed as the degree of water distribution within the hardened skin, and a value was formed according to the consciousness level of the convulsion function. In Bro-CL-FA-ΘMAX, the broad far variance value due to broad vector digital dot convulsion was shown as 16.19±2.4 units. In broad convenient variance value, Bro-CL-CO-ΘMAX was found to be 7.09±0.71. In broad flank variance value, Bro-CL-BRO-ΘMAX was found to be 2.43±0.49 units. In broad vicinage variance value, Bro-CL-VI-ΘMAX was found to be 0.45±0.05 units. In the dermis layer, spread-out convulsion by RCCL is evaluated by the degree of vector digital dot diffusion function shown at the broad consciousness level of bump-space material, and the dermis layer shown at the conveyance level system is expressed as a differentiated function and can be used. The function of the bump-space in the dermis layer is a concept that suppresses differential signals in diffusion consciousness systems and could be utilized as a promising key tool to utilize the data from a nanotechnology perspective and for basic applications for analyzing dark-hardened skin cells.

The use of generative AI tools in design work: Motivation and decision-making process of users

Jhonghee Kim — 2025-04-03

As generative AI technologies evolve, more designers are integrating these tools into their workflows. While existing research has examined the use of generative AI in design, few studies have conceptualized user engagement within an integrated model of motivational and behavioral factors. This study explores key constructs—attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention to use, and actual usage—through the Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Results indicate that designers' attitudes and subjective norms significantly affect their intention to adopt generative AI tools, which in turn influences actual usage. Designers generally hold positive attitudes toward these tools, and external social influences are crucial to their adoption. Finally, enhancing perceived control may further promote adoption and integration into design practices.

PBL education plan for video content production class based on generative AI technology

Jiseon Baek — 2025-04-03

With the rapid advancement of digital technology, Generative AI has emerged as a transformative force in commercial advertising production, fundamentally reshaping traditional production methods. It enhances both productivity and creativity throughout the entire advertising process by supporting various stages such as scenario writing, image and video generation, and voice and music creation. Moreover, data-driven personalized message generation enables advertisers to deliver tailored experiences to consumers, thereby maximizing the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. This study analyzes the integration of Generative AI technology into commercial advertising production and proposes strategic approaches through the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) methodology. By adopting this approach, advertisers can effectively address real-world challenges in their creative processes. The convergence of Generative AI and PBL methodology empowers advertisers to execute innovative ideas more efficiently and effectively, providing a critical tool for maintaining and enhancing competitiveness in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. The primary purpose of this study is to develop an educational model for video production that leverages Generative AI technology, combined with a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach, to verify its practical educational effectiveness. By dividing the video production process into three stages—Pre-Production, Production, and Post-Production—this study aims to propose specific methods for utilizing Generative AI at each stage, thereby helping learners cultivate both creative problem-solving skills and critical thinking abilities. This study sets the following three detailed objectives. First, it aims to analyze the impact of Generative AI technology on the video production process and propose effective educational strategies. Second, it seeks to develop an educational model focused on fostering learners' ability to independently define and solve problems through the PBL approach. Third, by validating the practical applicability of this model in educational settings, the study aims to provide future directions for video production education and contribute to the cultivation of creative and interdisciplinary talents [1].

Blockchain-enhanced vehicle data management system with file-based search for crime detection

Chul Jun Sim — 2025-04-03

Effective vehicle data management is crucial for traffic safety and public security, requiring both rapid processing and robust security mechanisms. This study presents a hybrid system that combines a file-based search algorithm with blockchain technology to improve performance and security. The file-based search algorithm facilitates quick data retrieval, while blockchain ensures data integrity and protects against tampering. By integrating these two methods, the system overcomes common bottlenecks and security vulnerabilities found in centralized architectures. Experimental results reveal that the proposed system enhances data processing speed by 84%, considerably increasing data security. These findings highlight its practical applications in smart cities, traffic management, and public safety.

Implementation of flare-out situation with restructure-riffler-branch-dot on diffusiveness fluctuation of fabricated function material-object on porous of stratified epithelium

Geon-Uk Kang — 2025-04-03

A technique for determining flare-out fluctuation in stratified epithelium cells that maintain a resonance state with a riffler-branch-dot pattern is identified by the instantaneous recognition rate (IRR) and distinction recognition rate (DRR). We aim to produce a form of flare-out perceptibility that identifies the conditions regulating the perceptibility rate in a diffusiveness resonance system. In stratified epithelium cells, fluctuation takes the shape of a riffler-branch-dot, so we decided to search for a diffusiveness-down structure according to the flare-out situation layer, and a flare-out porous value appeared. In the flare-out porous, the awareness rate concept has a flare-out resonance function, so the fluctuation signal appeared to confirm the instantaneous velocity and vacuum velocity. The flare-out fluctuation of IRR-DRR confirmed that the flare-out resonance function in porous showed a maximum-minimum value. In the flare-out resonance situation, the fluctuation was found to be the flare-out porous value. Wr-af-FA-αMAX-MIN is far fluctuation of 17.19±3.43 units, Wr-af-CO-αMAX-MIN is convenient fluctuation of 6.11±1.18 units, Wr-af-FL-αMAX-MIN is flank fluctuation of 2.32±0.63 units, and Wr-af-VI-αMAX-MIN is vicinage fluctuation of 0.36±0.05 units. Diffusiveness resonance in stratified epithelium cells can be confirmed by the ability of IRR-DRR to estimate the flare-out resonance function with the coarse degree awareness rate by calculating the coarse transient discrimination function represented by the awareness rate system. We can estimate the morphology of the flare-out porous through the vacuum signal, and we can estimate the diffusivity data of the diffusivity resonance rate through the diffusivity awareness system.

Inflection of trembling transition by non-invasive penetration position on ocular humor

Jeong-Lae Kim — 2025-04-03

Changes in the use of LEDs in the ocular humor involve a non-invasive technique for examination. The ocular humor was irradiated with a certain amount of LEDs arranged in a circular hemisphere to check the adjacent-angle ocular humor status, which continuously switches to spreading. The change in number was determined by GPPL (Glitter-Proliferation Perceptivity Level), which is formed by the change in spreading perceptivity outward, given the scattering signal generated by the irradiated LEDs over a period of time. The ocular humor is composed of a system that is generated and converted to spreading according to the perceptivity level, and the bumpy conveyance technique was used to confirm the experimental condition of the glitter sphere-vector-dot. The degree of scattering between the microvasculature and the periphery of the foreign body was shown by generating the sphere-vector-dot level in the ocular humor. The maximum GPPL was the result of output formed in the ocular humor status, which yielded the result of the scattering-trembling status. In Spr-POF-FA-αAVG, the spreading far transition due to the spreading sphere-vector-dot trembling was shown as 15.41±8.63 units. In the spreading convenient transition value, Spr-POF-CO-αAVG is 8.70±3.069. In the spreading flank transition value, Spr-POF-SPR-αAVG is 2.65±1.19 units. In the spreading vicinage transition value, Spr-POF-VI-αAVG is 0.51±0.18 units. In GPPL, perceptual level spreading was performed by forming a sphere-vector-dot in the ocular humor status and scattering along the adjacent-angle in the ocular humor outward to evaluate the outward ability of spreading perceptuality. The examination of ocular humor uses a technique (the bumpy conveyance, a non-invasive method) to confirm the glitter-proliferation outward form required for the bumpy conveyance of the perceptual level system. This physiological phenomenon enables the functional properties of the spreading perceptual outward form in the ocular humor and provides a database for utilizing the ocular humor level through a scattering perceptual system.

Ergonomic usability evaluation and inclusive redesign of diagnostic imaging device interfaces for aging sonographers

Lee Hokyoung — 2025-04-03

With the increasing age of healthcare professionals, the number of older sonographers in the workforce is on the rise. Despite this, limited research addresses the specific usability challenges of ultrasound device interfaces for this demographic. This study aims to identify and address usability issues in diagnostic imaging devices to enhance their user experience for aging sonographers. A usability evaluation framework was established, focusing on task workflow, interface design, and risk prevention. Fifteen evaluation criteria were developed based on recognized design principles, and a workflow encompassing 'Patient,' 'Scan,' 'Measurement,' and 'End Exam' was designed in collaboration with clinical experts. Usability tests were conducted with participants who subsequently provided feedback through interviews. Thematic analysis of the interview data was performed using NVivo, with survey responses complementing the findings. Interviews highlighted recurring themes, including automation-related functions within the 'Task Process', overly complex screens with dense button layouts in 'Interface Design', and the need to safeguard patient data from accidental deletion under 'Errors and Risk Factors'. Additionally, survey data revealed that the ‘Patient’ and ‘Scan’ stages elicited the most feedback, with concerns focusing on button and text readability, as well as a desire for a ‘Back’ button. Older sonographers face unique ergonomic and usability challenges, including visual fatigue and upper extremity discomfort. Addressing these issues through improved interface design—emphasizing readability, simplicity, and error prevention—can enhance safety and efficiency. The findings offer actionable insights for designing medical devices tailored to aging healthcare professionals.

Student needs assessment analysis in e-commerce courses of vocational colleges in Guizhou Province China

Linxi Tan — 2025-04-03

This study aimed to identify the specific needs of students in e-commerce courses in vocational colleges, focusing on digital marketing competencies, team spirit, learning methods, and course content to support curriculum development and the construction of innovative teaching models. The researcher of this study conducted a needs assessment survey with a sample size of 400 current vocational students. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the means of 12 items. The results showed that the mean value of items ranged from 3.44 to 4.29, and all items reached at least the need level. Furthermore, respondents perceived a strong need to enhance digital marketing competencies and adopt new learning methods in e-commerce courses. Respondents also showed a need to integrate project-based learning and blended learning compared to other learning methods. A comprehensive student needs assessment analysis towards e-commerce courses has been provided in this study; it could serve as basic information for educators to develop a better teaching model and curriculum in the field of e-commerce education in vocational colleges.

Study on internal labor migration in Vietnam (2015-2020)

Dinh Van Trong — 2025-04-03

To elucidate the issue of "Internal Labor Migration in Vietnam during the period of 2015-2020," utilizing data collected from Vietnamese national archives and national information portals, and through a historical approach, the research team employed synthesis, analysis, and comparative methods to clarify the factors influencing internal labor migration in Vietnam, as well as the status of internal labor migration from 2015 to 2020. Additionally, the team utilized a logical approach to provide certain exchanges and discussions on internal labor migration in Vietnam during this period. The research results of this study aim to contribute, albeit modestly, to the body of knowledge elucidating the process of internal labor migration in Vietnam during the period of 2015-2020. This material holds valuable data for those researching internal labor migration in Vietnam in the future.

Restructuring options in commercial bankruptcy: A legal analysis under the Saudi law

Adnan Ayza Almalki — 2025-04-03

This research examines how the bankruptcy law has operated in Saudi Arabia since its implementation in 2018. This law was enacted to help develop the economy and support small and medium-sized companies in line with Saudi Vision 2030. The research used a legal analytical approach to legal texts and examined some bankruptcy cases that were subject to the new bankruptcy law. The study found that the new law has improved business conditions by providing options beyond simply closing. Businesses can now reorganize and survive during difficult times. However, businesses may face some difficulties and time-consuming procedures to legally resolve bankruptcy. The research indicates that more businesses are using settlement options to avoid bankruptcy, indicating growing confidence in the law. The research highlights the need to better spread legal awareness about the bankruptcy law, expedite procedures, and educate small business owners about the law. These changes will make the Saudi economy stronger and more attractive for investment, helping to achieve the goals of Vision 2030.

The role of microfinance institutions in job creation

Qazim Tmava — 2025-04-03

The primary objective of this research is to assess the influence of Micro Financial Institutions (MFIs) on job creation in Kosovo by examining the relationships between MFI microcredits, consulting services, government coordination, interest rates, and so on. According to the September 2024 status, Kosovo's microfinance sector consists of 9 MFIs and 23 Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs). The findings of the linear regression analysis suggest that there is a weak relationship between the volume of microcredits granted by MFIs and the creation of new jobs, with p = 0.042, which is slightly lower than the significance value of 0.05. The MFI consultancies, MFI programs, and high interest rates of MFI microcredits show a substantial negative link with employment creation. The parameter β values are smaller than the values of p. Methodologically speaking, apart from secondary data, a survey connected to the purpose of the research was also conducted. MFIs have a number of challenges in creating jobs, including a lack of entrepreneurial training and financial skills, low institutional capacity, high interest rates, and so on. The study recommends that policy and strategy makers in Kosovo maximize job creation through MFIs by implementing an integrated approach.

The role of Asta Brata leadership in improving business sustainability in village credit institutions in Bali

Ida Ayu Dinda Priyanka Maharani — 2025-04-03

This study aims to determine the effect of Asta Brata leadership and risk management on business sustainability, as well as the effect of Asta Brata leadership on business sustainability mediated by risk management. This study was conducted at 100 units of LPDs in Bali Province. There were 24 statement items in the questionnaire to measure Asta Brata leadership, business sustainability, and risk management. Model and hypothesis testing were carried out using PLS-SEM. The study results indicate a significant positive relationship between Asta Brata leadership and business sustainability. Risk management has a positive and significant relationship with business sustainability. The results of the mediation test indicate that risk management consistently plays a role in mediating the effect of Asta Brata's leadership on business sustainability. Theoretically, this study contributes to the theoretical framework by introducing risk management as a mediating variable. In addition, this study contributes theoretically by proving that RBV is needed to improve business sustainability. This study provides a practical contribution for LPD leaders, namely implementing the principles of leadership based on Balinese local wisdom, Asta Brata, to improve sustainability.

Factors influencing university brand image: A case study at a university in Vietnam

Cao Thi Sen — 2025-04-03

This study aims to identify the factors affecting the brand image of Nam Can Tho University and, on that basis, propose some policy implications to enhance the university's brand image. The study employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research aims to determine the research model and calibrate the scale. The research model consists of four independent variables: brand association, brand awareness, brand loyalty, and perceived quality, which impact the brand image of Nam Can Tho University. The analysis results from a survey of 240 students, conducted through steps such as reliability testing of the measurement scale using Cronbach's Alpha, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis, show that the brand image is influenced by four factors: perceived quality, association, brand awareness, and brand loyalty. Based on the research findings, policy implications are proposed to enhance the brand image of Nam Can Tho University.

Middle manager involvement and corporate culture in the strategic planning practices: The Indonesian corporation evidence

M. Sihab Ridwan — 2025-04-03

This study looks at how managers are involved in the strategic planning process and how goals and budgets are related. This study also examines how effective strategic planning techniques are supported by company culture. To gather data for this study, a multiple case study was employed. In-depth semi-structured and unstructured interviews with planning members serving as key informants in each chosen firm were used as the data collection method. The selection of the six companies was based on their strong performance. Important findings from this study include the recognition of the link between goals and budgets, the proof of the crucial role manager commitment plays in strategy development and implementation, and other related findings. The study's overall findings offered insightful information about the role that organizational culture plays in supporting successful planning techniques, as well as the role that manager commitment, company goals, and budget linkage play.

Exchange rate dynamics and trade balance in Somalia: An ARDL approach

Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur — 2025-04-03

This study looks at how Somalia's trade balance has been affected by variations in the exchange rate, addressing the gap in empirical research on the relationship between macroeconomic variables and trade performance in fragile economies. The study used time series data sourced from the World Bank, SESRIC, the Central Bank of Somalia, and the IMF. The study employed augmented Dickey-Fuller tests and Phillips-Perron tests to assess the stationarity of the data. The study utilized an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to identify both short-term and long-term effects of exchange rate volatility on Somalia’s trade balance. The study found that over time, GDP, along with the real effective exchange rate (REER), had positive impacts on trade balances, whereas inflation rates and foreign direct investment (FDI) negatively influenced Somalia's trade balance in the long run. In the short term, there is a significant positive correlation between GDP, FDI, and REER and the trade balance, whereas the Consumer Price Index (CPI) has a negative impact. These are clear indications that any slight change in economic performance, changes in the value of money circulating, or inflation levels shall be reflected accordingly in Somalia’s trade balances. In terms of trade politics, the government of Somalia should focus on economic diversification, enhancing export competitiveness, and maintaining price stability to achieve sustainable trade and economic growth.

The role of financial editing to ensure accuracy and compliance in corporate financial reporting: A case-based study on service-based organisation

Imane Ahmed Laamari — 2025-04-03

Financial reporting lies at the core of organizational transparency and accountability, particularly among service-based organizations faced with complex financial operations. This paper highlights the extent to which financial editing contributes to accuracy and compliance in systematically reviewing Corporate Financial Reporting. A qualitative case study method was employed in conducting this research, and findings were identified in relation to selected companies operating within the healthcare, technology, and educational sectors in Saudi Arabia. The main findings from this study have shown that financial editing reduces errors and improves compliance, which also bolsters stakeholders' trust. Key findings relate to a 35% and 40% reduction in error and processing time, respectively, with the use of AI-driven tool interventions, while the imperatives for human expertise remain open questions. Resistance to adoption and training needs point toward a strong requirement for managing change. It therefore underscores financial editing as a strategic facilitator in organizational success while at the same time providing useful insights that may be utilized in the pursuit of transparency, accountability, and eventual growth in effective decision-making in fiduciary and complex financial environments. The accompanying implications for future research on its long-term effects include its expansion to integrate with sustainability reporting and blockchain applications.

An empirical study on the impact of digital platform usage on sports consumption behavior based on the theory of planned behavior

Yu Le — 2025-04-03

This study aims to examine how digital platform usage influences sports consumption behavior by integrating it into the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), emphasizing the mediating role of consumption intention. A quantitative approach was adopted, collecting 318 valid responses from Chinese users of digital platforms related to sports. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized model, including confirmatory factor analysis and bootstrapping to examine mediation effects. Results show that subjective norms, attitudes, and digital platform usage all significantly predict sports consumption intention. Attitude exhibited the strongest effect on intention. Consumption intention, in turn, significantly influences actual sports consumption behavior. Notably, digital platform usage does not directly affect consumption behavior but exerts an indirect effect through intention. The mediating role of intention was confirmed in all proposed pathways. Digital platforms shape sports consumption behavior primarily by influencing users’ psychological intentions rather than direct behavioral activation. The findings suggest that platform operators and sports marketers should focus on enhancing user intention through positive attitudes and social influence, rather than solely promoting direct transactions.

Living far away from home: The shared stories of the student boarders from a developing country

Jose Rabbi B. Malaga — 2025-04-03

Living far away from home can be a unique and transformative experience, but at the same time, it can be a difficult one. This paper depicts the cases and shared stories of four purposively selected student boarders at a state university in Negros. It adopted a narrative inquiry approach and utilized open-ended and discovery-oriented questions for data collection. The rigor of the findings was addressed using member checking, coding, recoding strategies, thick description, data saturation, and data checking. The data explication process applied the six-phase analysis introduced by Braun and Clarke. The themes that emerged from the study formed the elements of a story – Leaving Home for Dreams, The Perks of Living Far Away from Home, A House is Not a Home, and Hanging On. The student boarders left their low-income families in remote towns and cities to pursue their dreams. Living away from home is a big step for students—it's a chance to grow, learn independence, and build lifelong friendships. It also imparts important lessons on sharing and collaboration. On the other side of it, living in a boarding school or dorm isn't always smooth sailing. There's not much privacy, and students often don't have a choice in where or how they live. Living with others isn't always easy—differences can lead to conflicts, and cramped rooms or old facilities only make things harder. Still, many students push through, staying focused on their goals and hoping for better days ahead. Maybe it's time for colleges and local officials to take action and make student housing more comfortable.

Multimodal student behavior analysis based on unsupervised learning

Zhilin Chen — 2025-04-03

This study applies unsupervised learning to multimodal data for analyzing student behavior patterns, aiming to discover intrinsic behavioral structures without predetermined categories. The research integrates video, audio, digital interaction, and physiological signals across diverse educational settings. The framework employs self-supervised representation learning, multi-view clustering, and temporal pattern mining to analyze synchronized multimodal data streams from classroom, online, and laboratory environments. Five distinct behavioral clusters were identified, showing significant correlations with academic outcomes. The temporal stability of behavioral states emerged as a stronger predictor of achievement than frequency. The multimodal approach demonstrated superior performance compared to single-modality analyses in capturing behavioral transitions and detecting disengagement. Unsupervised multimodal analysis effectively reveals naturally occurring behavioral patterns adaptable across diverse educational contexts, establishing a methodological foundation beyond predefined categories. The approach enables earlier intervention for struggling students, improving upon traditional identification methods. These findings support the development of adaptive educational technologies that respond to students' behavioral states in real-time, enhancing personalized learning experiences.

An intelligent system for college admission queries: Leveraging BERT and Siamese BiLSTM for enhanced accuracy

Min Hua — 2025-04-04

College admission is a critical process that is pivotal in shaping a student's academic and professional future. College admissions queries include an extensive range of issues, from application standards and qualifying criteria to financial assistance and campus life. This research presents an intelligent system designed to address college admission queries with enhanced accuracy and efficiency. The system leverages the power of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Siamese Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Siamese BiLSTM) architecture to process and understand complex, context-dependent inquiries posed by prospective students. The data is sourced from multiple channels, such as historical admission records from the university's website and interaction logs from previous counseling sessions. The data was preprocessed using tokenization and lemmatization to avoid redundancy. Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) employed for feature extraction quantifies the query terms, allowing the system to identify significant words and improve query classification. a Siamese BiLSTM model was proposed for improved question classification and similarity matching. BERT generates contextual word embeddings that capture the semantic meaning of the words in the user's query. The system is capable of accurately classifying and understanding user queries, ensuring that responses are both contextually relevant and precise. Findings show that the proposed system achieves accuracy (94.7%), precision (93.6%), recall (93.8%), and F1-score (92.3%) while leveraging Python (version 3.x) for implementation. The results show that this integrated system outperforms traditional keyword-based query response systems, offering a more robust, scalable, and accurate solution for college admission-related queries.

Empowering small and medium enterprises (SMES) to foster balanced development in Asean: Insights and implications for Vietnam

Tran Thi Mai Thanh — 2025-04-04

In the diverse and dynamic ASEAN landscape, this paper explores how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) internationalization can foster balanced regional development, focusing particularly on Vietnam. Employing a comprehensive approach, it investigates key enablers of SME international trade—namely, integration into Global Value Chains (GVCs), the implications of non-tariff barriers, and the transformative influence of e-commerce solutions. The findings underscore that while SMEs hold significant potential for stimulating economic diversification and equitable growth, they face intricate challenges ranging from regulatory complexity to constrained digital infrastructure. To address these hurdles, the research proposes targeted trade-based policies at both regional and national levels, aiming to unlock SMEs’ full internationalization potential. By doing so, it seeks to contribute substantially to a more equitable and sustainable development path, where ASEAN as a whole—and Vietnam as a compelling case study—demonstrate how strategic policy interventions and technological advancements can catalyze SME-led growth. Ultimately, these insights highlight the critical importance of SME internationalization in shaping ASEAN’s future economic landscape.

Research on digital inheritance system and action semantic analysis of Hunan flower-drum opera based on deep learning

Yi-Fu Liao — 2025-04-04

This study explores the digital transmission and protection of Hunan Flower-Drum Opera, a key intangible cultural heritage asset, through action semantic analysis combined with deep learning approaches. The research establishes a multimodal acquisition setup, develops an enriched Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network with an attention mechanism, creates a traditional Chinese opera-oriented semantic classification system, and constructs a digital heritage platform with an integrated knowledge graph. The proposed approach achieves a 92.6% action recognition rate and an 88.3% consistency rate in semantic analysis, showing a 17.5% improvement over traditional models. The 33-point BlazePose architecture achieves sub-millimeter accuracy in movement tracking, while the knowledge graph contains 3,427 nodes with 12,856 weighted edges. The interactive learning environment demonstrates significant improvement in learning outcomes with a 31% reduction in learning time while preserving cultural authenticity. The system has been successfully implemented at three centers specializing in Flower-Drum Opera transmission, offering a unique solution for the digital conservation of traditional Chinese performing arts.

Influence of halal credence, halal awareness, halal certification, and health consciousness to halal purchase intention through STHF (Satisfaction towards halal food) and religiosity as a moderation variable

Fernando Fernando — 2025-04-04

Consumer interest in halal goods continues to increase, along with increasing public awareness of halal aspects of food consumption. This research analyzes the influence of "Halal Credence, Halal Awareness, Halal Certification, and Health Consciousness on Satisfaction Towards Halal Food (STHF)." A quantitative methodology was utilized in this research. This research uses primary data sources, such as online questionnaires via Google Forms and PLS-SEM analysis techniques. This research shows that Halal Credence, Halal Awareness, Halal Certification, and Health Consciousness positively affect satisfaction with halal food (STHF). Furthermore, STHF positively affects the intention to purchase halal products (Halal Purchase Intention) and acts as a mediating variable in the relationship between these factors and the intention to purchase halal. Moreover, Religiosity acts as a moderating variable, which strengthens the relationship between STHF and Halal Purchase Intention, indicating that the higher a person's Religiosity, the stronger the influence of satisfaction with halal food on halal purchase intention. This finding also has practical implications for MSME meat shops in Bandung, suggesting they should enhance halal certification visibility, highlight health benefits, engage religious consumers, and maintain high-quality standards to increase satisfaction and boost sales of halal products.

Determinants of healthcare service utilization among enrolled residents of the negros occidental comprehensive health program

Jacquiline T. Reteracion — 2025-04-04

This study explored the extent of healthcare service utilization among residents enrolled in the Negros Occidental Comprehensive Health Program (NOCHP), focusing on seven key indicators: predisposing factors, enabling factors, perceived need, accessibility, continuity, comprehensiveness, and coordination. Anchored in Andersen and Newman’s Behavioral Model and Starfield’s Primary Care dimensions, a quantitative descriptive design was used, with data collected from 315 volunteer participants. A modified version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool guided the evaluation of the indicators. Findings revealed that predisposing factors, perceived need, continuity, comprehensiveness, and coordination were strong indicators of utilization, while accessibility and enabling factors were moderate. Significant differences in utilization were observed across age, gender, education, income, and occupation, but not by marital status. These results highlight the complex interplay of demographic and systemic factors influencing healthcare access and use. The study provides evidence-based insights to support improvements in provincial health programs and serves as a reference for policymakers, administrators, and researchers aiming to strengthen public healthcare delivery for insured populations.

The influence of professional pilots, pilotages services, and shipping safety on the smooth flow of ship traffic

Syahrial Nasution — 2025-04-05

This research aims to determine the role of ship pilotage in the mandatory pilotage waters, especially in the main port of Indonesia. This study seeks to assess the effect of professional pilots, pilotage services, and shipping safety on the smooth flow of ship traffic at the main port of Indonesia, managed by the largest port operator, Pelabuhan Indonesia. The research method used is Descriptive Quantitative. The data utilized in this study are primary data, obtained from a questionnaire with a Likert scale measurement ranging from 1 to 5 (strongly disagree to strongly agree), which was completed by employees at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia and stakeholders in the port. The sample consisted of 80 employees out of a population of 200. The analysis tool used in this research is Smart PLS 4.1.0.0. The data obtained are then analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques based on the primary data collected. The data will be presented in numerical form, which will then be interpreted. 1) Professional pilots have a significant effect on the smoothness of ship traffic; 2) Pilotage services have a significant effect on the smoothness of ship traffic; and 3) Shipping safety has a significant effect on the smoothness of ship traffic. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that pilot professionalism, pilotage services, and shipping safety significantly impact the smooth flow of ship traffic in the port. These findings are important to consider in future efforts to improve and develop navigation systems and shipping management. In this study, the resulting state of the art shows that although professional pilots, pilotage services, and shipping safety are important elements in the shipping industry, their influence on the smooth flow of vessel traffic is not as strong as expected. This research provides valuable new insights for academics and practitioners in the maritime field, especially in the context of policy and the development of a more effective shipping system. Additionally, this study identifies areas that require more attention in efforts to improve the smooth flow of vessel traffic, which can form the basis for further research in the future.

Design of wearable social distancing card for enhancing public health safety compliance

Min Thu Soe — 2025-04-05

During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing has been essential in preventing the virus's spread. The WHO has implemented physical distancing with at least one meter between individuals. Despite widespread awareness, people often forget to maintain a safe distance in public spaces. This paper addresses this issue by proposing an innovative solution: a wearable social distance card. The objective of this paper is to design a wearable device equipped with modern sensor technology to detect and promote safe distance practices. This device integrates ultrasonics and passive infrared sensors, an Arduino UNO, a buzzer, and an LCD display. The device uses high-frequency sound waves from ultrasonic sensors to measure the distance between individuals in real-time. When individuals reach the predetermined safe distance threshold, the buzzer emits a sound to notify both people to maintain a proper distance. A microcontroller-based wearable social distancing card helps the community practice social distancing. The prototype demonstrates accuracy in distance measurements, exhibiting an average deviation of ±4 cm. This wearable card aids in encouraging social distancing practices, supporting public health efforts to mitigate the spread of infectious diseases. The design represents a significant step forward in promoting social distancing compliance.

MGWO-CNN: A bio-inspired deep learning approach for COVID-19 detection in chest X-ray images

Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun — 2025-04-05

The present COVID-19 pandemic demands rapid and accurate diagnostic methods for early detection, isolation, and treatment. This study aims to enhance COVID-19 diagnosis with the help of bio-inspired deep learning and feature selection. This paper proposes a novel diagnostic model—MGWO-CNN—integrating a Modified Grey Wolf Optimizer (MGWO) with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The framework utilizes Gabor filters as feature detectors and MGWO to optimize feature selection and improve classification performance. The model was tested and trained on a publicly available Kaggle dataset of 13,758 CXR images. Experimental results show that the MGWO-CNN outperforms traditional methods with 99.89% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 99.79% specificity. The model effectively distinguishes between COVID-19 and normal cases with significantly lower training and validation loss than baseline models. MGWO-CNN provides higher diagnostic accuracy, validating the effectiveness of bio-inspired optimization-based hybrid deep learning for COVID-19 diagnosis. The model offers an affordable, effective diagnostic tool that can be adopted in resource-constrained healthcare settings with limited access to high-end testing equipment.

Human creativity and the instinctive circulation of money in the global economy

Vu Toan — 2025-04-05

The article's content aims to clarify the transformation between humans and money in terms of means and purposes, subjects, and products, which is both historically specific and a trend of social development. To achieve this purpose, the article's content approaches the methodology of humanistic and social philosophy while using qualitative methods to analyze and synthesize the transformation process between human and monetary life. The results achieved in the content of the article show that money is a creative product of humans that becomes a means of exchange; when money becomes popular, the state's monopoly function of issuing currency becomes a requirement of life. The power of money in social management and distribution makes the function of the state become a foreign currency business in maintaining the price of domestic currency in the commodity economy. The article's content draws the following conclusions: First, humans are the subjects that become the products of money. Second, the state exists in all possible forms, one of which is the monopoly of currency issuance. Third, commodity enterprises become foreign currency enterprises, making the monopoly of currency issuance a function of maintaining the price of domestic currency. Fourth, foreign currency trading becomes speculative in the key currency, causing this key currency to be continuously issued. Fifth, when the US dollar inflates, the price shock awakens humanity in the struggle for money, and a new and innovative form of currency emerges.

Attitudes towards COVID-19 as predictors of emotional exhaustion in university students from a higher education center in the city of Chiclayo

Oscar Alfaro-Bustamante — 2025-04-05

The recent health crisis has significantly affected the mental health of college students, with emotional exhaustion being the most prominent issue. This study seeks to determine how attitudes toward the health crisis predict emotional exhaustion in university students. A quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional design and correlational-causal scope was used. The sample, which was representative and randomly selected, included 297 university students. A validated questionnaire was used to assess attitudes toward the health crisis, and a scale was used to measure emotional exhaustion, with inclusion criteria that considered voluntary participation and informed consent. The results of linear regression analysis indicated that attitudes toward the health crisis (β = -0.203, p < 0.001) and the emotional-affective dimension (β = -0.290, p < 0.001) are significant predictors of emotional exhaustion. However, the behavioral (β = -0.096, p = 0.098) and cognitive (β = -0.106, p = 0.069) dimensions did not show a statistically significant relationship. In conclusion, negative attitudes toward the health crisis, especially in the emotional-affective domain, increase the risk of emotional exhaustion in university students, underscoring the need for interventions that address these attitudes to improve students' emotional well-being.

Degradation of diesel oil by microorganisms isolated from lagoons of the “Totora” wastewater treatment plant, Ayacucho

Saúl Alonso Chuchón-Martínez — 2025-04-05

The degradation of oil by microbial consortia isolated from maturation ponds of the Wastewater Treatment Plant "Totora," Ayacucho, was evaluated. Samples were collected from three ponds and transported to the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory - UNSCH. The microorganisms were isolated by inoculating 10 mL of sample in Bushnell-Haas medium with 4% v/v oil, incubated at room temperature with shaking for 21 days. They were then cultured on nutrient agar and Sabouraud agar, by surface exhaustion, incubated at 37°C and 25°C, respectively. The strains were grouped into three consortia by origin (LM1, LM2, and LM3; each composed of four bacterial strains and six mold strains), with which soils containing one, four, eight, and 16% oil were bioremediated in vitro, in plastic containers with one kg of agricultural soil, with three repetitions, each treatment inoculated with 10 mL (1.5 x 10^8 CFU/mL) of each strain of the consortium, with a blank per treatment without inoculant. They were evaluated every 14 days for 70 days, measuring residual oil by agitation-centrifugation and gravimetry. The LM2 consortium achieved better results, with oil removals of 100%, 100%, 92%, and 42% in soils with one, four, eight, and 16% oil, respectively. The strains of the LM2 consortium were: LM2A-1, LM2A-2, LM2B-1, and LM2B-2 (Gram-negative bacteria), LM2A-1 and LM2B-1 (Penicillium sp.), LM2A-2 (Pithomyces sp.), LM2A-3 (Wallemia sp.), and LM2A-4 and LM2B-6 (Geotrichum sp.). The ANOVA and Duncan tests indicate that there are significant differences (p ≤ 0.05).

The impact of a 12-week intervention training program on gross motor coordination and strength in children playing Basketball

Ledina Koci — 2025-04-05

This study investigates the effects of a 12-week coordination training program on gross motor coordination and strength in youth basketball players aged 10–12 years. A total of 96 participants (mean age = 11.3 ± 1.16 years) were divided into an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). The IG completed a structured coordination training program (15 minutes per session after the warm-up phase), in three sessions per week, while the CG followed their regular training routine (three sessions per week, routine training). Motor coordination was assessed using the KTK test battery and drop jump tests, while anthropometric measurements were also recorded. Results showed no significant differences in anthropometric measurements between the groups. However, the IG demonstrated significant improvements in motor coordination, particularly in lateral jumping, balance beam, and one-leg jumping tests (p < 0.05). Additionally, enhancements in lower-limb strength and power were observed, as reflected in improved drop jump Fmax, contact time, jumping height, and standing long jump performance tests (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that a targeted coordination training program can effectively enhance motor coordination, balance, agility, and lower-body strength in young basketball players, providing valuable insights for training and talent development in youth sports.

Comparison of green building research progress in China and south Korea: Trends and development 2001–2023

Weicheng Ren — 2025-04-05

The development of green buildings is influenced by factors such as time, politics, society, economy, climate, and culture. China and South Korea share certain similarities in these areas and, since 2020, have both committed to specific carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. This study aims to compare green building research trends in China and South Korea, identifying key developments, differences, and shared challenges. It provides a brief overview of research progress in both countries since 2001 through a content review, followed by a comparative analysis across timelines and sub-dimensions, including technical, economic, legal, and systemic aspects. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted with industry professionals in both countries to supplement the findings. The results indicate that while research directions are broadly similar, there are significant differences in specific topics and focus areas. Variations in timing and policy implementation also contribute to divergences in green building development. Moreover, both countries face common challenges that require further research and discussion. This analysis may offer valuable insights and references not only for China and South Korea but also for other developing nations.

Strategies and practices for cultivating students' critical thinking in the primary school basic education stage

Yilin Yao — 2025-04-05

During the basic education stage of primary school, cultivating students' thinking ability is one of the cores of educational work. With the advent of the information age, simply imparting knowledge is no longer sufficient to cope with the complex and changing social needs. Cultivating students' critical thinking (SCT) has become the key to improving the quality of education. Critical thinking not only helps students think independently and analyze problems in their studies, but also promotes the development of their innovation and lifelong learning abilities. This paper first explores the importance and current status of cultivating critical thinking in primary school students, and then analyzes the shortcomings of existing research. Next, this paper proposes targeted training strategies and verifies the effectiveness of these strategies through experimental design. The experiment includes two main strategies: one is to introduce project-based learning through classroom reform to encourage students to actively explore, question, and reflect; the other is to establish a diversified evaluation system to focus on students' thinking processes and innovation abilities. Finally, the paper discusses the experimental results in detail, demonstrating significant improvements in SCT after the implementation of the strategy. The experimental results show that after adopting the above strategies, students’ scores on observation and analysis abilities in critical thinking tests have improved, with their analysis abilities far exceeding those of the control group by about 14 points.

Self-defining memories of mothers of martyrs

Marwa Kazem Mohammed — 2025-04-07

The psychological well-being of bereaved women may be impacted by a range of problems, such as memories that define them. Grief lasting a long time can affect mothers who have experienced loss in all areas of their lives. They are subjected to a continuous cycle of intense longing and nostalgia that can lead to a strong preoccupation with the deceased. It is evident that their memories are devoted solely to the deceased, particularly the painful ones. Singer et al. were the ones who adopted the researcher's approach. The (2000-2001) scale was distributed across four areas, with a narrative dimension that can be answered by recalling three memories, and an emotional dimension that can be answered by seven alternatives. It was observed in the results that mothers who have been bereaved have low self-defining memories.

The "Care" learning model: The value education for strengthening the religious moderation

Kadek Aria Prima Dewi PF — 2025-04-07

This research discusses the importance of religious moderation in the context of diversity in Indonesia. The Republic of Indonesia, having over 17,000 islands and hundreds of ethnic groups, faces challenges related to diversity, particularly in terms of religion. The Indonesian government has developed a Religious Moderation Program as a strategy for preventing conflict. A "CARE" (Case Analysis, Resolution, and Engagement) learning method has been developed to address this challenge through value education, focusing on religious moderation. This model emphasizes training in critical thinking regarding the religious moral phenomena occurring in society. This research utilized an ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) improvement method to measure the effectiveness of the "CARE" learning model in improving students' understanding of religious moderation, tolerance, and intercultural cooperation.

Accounting information system effects on job performance: Baghdad University/Iraq

Ahmed Faraj Abdulkareem Al-Delfi — 2025-04-07

This study examines the effect of accounting information systems (AIS) on job performance at the University of Baghdad, Iraq. The research utilized a quantitative approach represented by a 5-Point Likert scale questionnaire as a tool to collect data reflecting the views of accountants and other non-managerial employees working at this university. To achieve the objectives of the research, internal consistency and normality distribution tests were conducted to ensure the validity and reliability of the data. Simple linear regression and Pearson correlation were used to explain the relationship between AIS and job performance, and an independent sample t-test was also used to test the significance of differences between the two groups of employees mentioned above. The results of the analysis confirm that the data is considered valid and reliable. The t-test found that there are no significant differences in the perceptions of AIS importance in job performance between the two groups. The Pearson correlation indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between accounting information systems and job performance at the p < .01 level. Regression analysis revealed that there is a significant and positive relationship between accounting information systems and job performance.

The impact of auditor change on the significance of accounting information value relevance, mediated by earnings management practices

Jalil Ibrahim Salih — 2025-04-07

This study seeks to evaluate the impact of Auditor Change (AG) on the appropriateness of the Accounting Information Value Relevance (AIVR) in Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, verifying the effects of the Earnings Management Practices (EMPS) by Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange on the appropriateness of the AIVR. The research sample consisted of 19 Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2022, totaling 171 annual observations. These observations were derived from the banks' financial reports published on the Iraq Stock Exchange website. The researcher utilized the statistical software packages SPSS 28 and STATA 17 for data analysis. The results showed that the independent variable (AG) negatively affects EMPS and positively affects the appropriateness of the AIVR. EMPS also negatively affects the appropriateness of the AIVR. Therefore, EMPS can be an intermediary between the independent variable (AG) and the appropriateness of the AIVR.

Beyond formal education: Exploring informal apprenticeship as a pathway to entrepreneurial success from a Ghanaian perspective

Gabriel Mwinkume — 2025-04-07

This study investigates how informal apprenticeships serve as a pathway to entrepreneurship in Ghana, focusing on the factors influencing the decision to enter apprenticeships, trade selection, and entrepreneurial ambitions. Utilizing a multinomial logit model, the research examines data from 1,600 apprentices to identify the interplay between individual characteristics, financial limitations, and trade preferences. The analysis reveals that financial constraints significantly impact the decision to pursue an apprenticeship, while trade selection is largely influenced by perceived entrepreneurial prospects. Interestingly, individuals with higher educational qualifications tend to enter skilled trades, implying that formal education enhances their recognition of business potential in these fields. Contrary to expectations, guidance from parents and teachers appears to discourage apprenticeship participation. Additionally, catering and carpentry emerge as trades with strong entrepreneurial potential, though the limited range of available apprenticeship options presents a challenge. These insights question the notion that informal apprenticeships are primarily for academically weak students, highlighting the importance of strategic interventions to strengthen their role in fostering entrepreneurship. To enhance the effectiveness of informal apprenticeships, policies should focus on broadening trade options, incorporating entrepreneurship education, and strengthening the link between formal and informal learning systems. Further research could explore comparative studies of apprenticeship models across different contexts.

Extension management and its role in facing the challenges of using solar energy systems in the agricultural sector from the point of view of agricultural employees in Salah al-Din Governorate / Iraq

Ahmed Saker Abdullah — 2025-04-07

The research objective is to ascertain the role of extension management in addressing the obstacles associated with implementing solar energy systems in the agricultural sector from the perspective of agricultural employees in Salah al-Din Governorate. Additionally, it aims to find the significant differences in determining the role of extension management according to some personal variables and to identify the role of extension management in the following domains: extension planning, institutional coordination and cooperation, extension training and qualification, financing and financial support, raising awareness and extension media, evaluating extension programs, extension human resources management, and developing extension policies. Agricultural employees employed by the Salah al-Din Agriculture Directorate and its affiliated agricultural divisions, as well as the extension center in Salah al-Din Governorate, comprised the research community, where the number of employees reached 407. A random sample of 35% was selected, resulting in 142 employees who underwent the research procedures. The questionnaire was prepared in two main parts. The first part includes a set of variables related to the personal aspect, and the second part consists of 40 paragraphs distributed over eight main domains that are answered through a three-point scale (High role, Medium role, Weak role). The results showed that the role of extension management, in general, was medium, tending toward weak. We conclude from this that there is a deficiency in providing the required technical and extension support and weak awareness of the importance and benefits of solar energy systems, which requires strengthening extension programs and developing more effective strategies to address these challenges. The results also showed significant differences between determining the role of extension management and each of the following variables: educational level, job experience, participation in extension activities, academic specialization, interest in modern technologies, and job satisfaction. The researchers recommended organizing regular seminars and training courses for agricultural employees to enhance their understanding of solar energy technology and modern agricultural extension management tools.

Designing a proposed educational program based on (Gilbert-Neff) theory to decrease self-abasement for Mosul university students

Fatin Zaki AlKhalidi — 2025-04-07

The goal of the current study is to develop a program that reduces self-abasement in accordance with Gilbert-Neff theory. To this end, the researchers created twenty lessons that address self-compassion, including mental alertness versus excessive autism, common humanity versus isolation, and self-kindness versus self-judgment. The program was submitted to a committee of 22 specialists in order to gauge its authenticity. For the academic year 2023–2024, the researchers ran a pilot study with thirty male and female students at Mosul University. This experiment aimed to determine the degree of instructional clarity, the amount of time needed for each lecture, and the main difficulties the researchers encountered when delivering the program. Twenty-four colleges at Mosul University make up the population of the study. The College of Basic Education (also known as the Department of Kindergarten) was chosen as the study's sample because its students displayed the highest level of self-abasement among the colleges at Mosul University. The outcome of the research was the creation of the program's final form, and the researchers' suggestions included the following: In order to help the students develop self-compassion, the researchers created a program. The program is used as part of the guiding efforts by the unit of educational guidance and psychological direction. The researchers recommend conducting a study to adapt the program to additional stages.

Blended learning with digital story telling model of students in English courses of Chinese primary education: Need assessment analysis

Lifei Peng — 2025-04-07

The current study aimed 1) to assess the needs of students in English courses at primary schools in China, focusing on blended learning, digital storytelling, English communication skills, and self-efficacy; 2) to develop blended learning with a digital storytelling model. The researcher employed a stratified random sampling method to select four key public primary schools from ten key public primary schools in Tongren City, China. Furthermore, English teachers from those four selected primary schools were invited to assist in the process of distributing the questionnaires, with 100 students sampled from each school, totaling 400 participants. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the collected data, examining the mean scores across 12 items. Results indicated that the mean values ranged from 3.81 to 4.63. Among these, seven items had mean scores exceeding 4.21, reflecting a high need for elements such as additional online English learning materials, English movies and videos, enhanced speaking skills, and greater confidence in learning English. The remaining five items had mean scores above 3.41, indicating a moderate level of need. Moreover, the blended learning with the digital storytelling model was composed of ten steps, including online and offline activities.

Leveraging management accounting for strategic decision making: Key drivers and performance impact in Vietnamese mechanical manufacturing firms

Nguyen Thanh Vu — 2025-04-07

The Vietnamese mechanical manufacturing sector is a cornerstone of the country’s industrial economy, facing intense competition and rapid technological changes. Despite the critical role of strategic decision-making in these enterprises, research on management accounting practices in this sector remains limited, especially regarding factors influencing its adoption and impact on firm performance. This study addresses the gap by analyzing the application of management accounting for decision-making (MAMD) within the unique context of Vietnamese mechanical manufacturing enterprises (VMMEs). This research aims to identify and evaluate key factors influencing the adoption of MAMD in VMMEs and to quantify its impact on both financial and operational performance metrics. By doing so, the study seeks to provide empirical evidence on the strategic benefits of MAMD, contributing to an enhanced understanding of management accounting as a tool for driving competitiveness and performance in emerging economies. The study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze data collected through structured surveys from a sample of 79 VMMEs, selected from the Vietnam Association of Mechanical Industry (VAMI) across three key sub-sectors: machinery, auto/vehicle components, and electronics manufacturing. Responses were gathered from 232 senior executives, chief accountants, and workshop foremen, ensuring comprehensive insights into strategic, financial, and operational dimensions. Results reveal that manufacturing technology, market competition, and accountants’ competencies significantly influence MAMD adoption, enhancing decision-making speed and accuracy. Specifically, firms with robust MAMD systems report a 15% improvement in decision-making efficiency and a 10% increase in return on assets. These findings underscore MAMD's role in boosting performance in VMMEs and highlight the need for targeted strategies to facilitate its adoption. This study adds to the literature by providing a framework for integrating management accounting in industry-specific contexts, promoting sectoral growth and sustainability.

Measuring what matters: Evaluating the validity and reliability of teachers’ competency scales in China

Min Zhong — 2025-04-07

This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of teacher competency scales in China, focusing on the Chongqing region. Adopting a cross-sectional survey design, the study utilizes Hay McBer's teacher-teaching competency model to evaluate three key domains: Value of Teacher Professionalism (VTP), Teaching and Learning Skills (TLS), and Classroom Climate (CC). A sample of 200 teachers was surveyed, and data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) through IBM SPSS and SEM AMOS programs. The methodology involved developing and validating a questionnaire based on expert consultations regarding face validity and content reliability (Cronbach's alpha). The findings reveal high reliability and validity across all dimensions, supported by strong expert consensus. EFA indicated that the first three components explained 87.944% of the total variance, with the primary component accounting for 80.552%. CFA confirmed the constructs' validity and reliability, with high loading factors, AVE, and CR values. The model fit indices suggested an adequate fit, with RMSEA within the acceptable range and strong incremental fit indices. This study provides a reliable and valid framework for assessing teacher competency in China, with practical implications for educational policy and teacher training programs.

Earnings management in non-financial firms in Nigeria: Does audit quality matters?

Ajape, Mohammed Kayode — 2025-04-07

The efficacy of the audit function has been questioned due to several instances of financial statement manipulation reported worldwide, which has eroded stakeholders’ confidence in the affairs of listed companies in Nigeria. Audit quality has been identified in the literature as having the potential to reduce earnings management practices. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between audit quality and earnings management strategies in publicly traded non-financial companies in Nigeria. An ex-post facto research methodology utilizing a purposive non-probability selection method was implemented to choose a sample of 30 publicly traded companies on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX). Data was extracted from the audited financial reports of the selected organizations for a ten-year period (2012-2021). The random effects regression model indicated that the audit quality criteria did not significantly influence the actual earnings management practices of the studied organizations. It is concluded that the Big4-non-Big4 dichotomy, the quantum of audit fees paid, the length of the auditor-client relationship, and the engagement of an industry-specialized auditor would not significantly prevent or reveal the occurrence of real earnings management in the listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. We recommend that firms should downplay the significance of an audit firm's size when engaging its services. Future researchers may consider other parameters and proxies of audit quality. The study extends scholarly discourse on earnings management-audit quality interactions to bolster the understanding of shareholders and other stakeholders regarding the implications of this nexus.

Strategies for property rates debt management: Practical interventions for debt recovery

Prince Enwereji — 2025-04-07

This study explored the strategies for property rates debt management and the practical interventions for debt recovery in South African local municipalities. The research objectives that guided this study include reviewing taxpayers’ behavioral theories that can facilitate payment compliance, examining the property rates payment guidelines and debt collection policies of local municipalities in South Africa, outlining practical debt collection measures to enhance payment compliance, and highlighting the best practices in property rates debt collection. The study adopted a qualitative research approach where a literature review was used as the only source of data collection. Findings revealed practical debt collection measures such as early intervention strategies, engagement of third-party agencies, and legal actions against defaulters. The study also draws insights from best practices in Canada and OECD countries and emphasized the role of technology, effective communication, and stringent enforcement in ensuring compliance. Recommendations for both municipalities and residents are provided, focusing on transparency, community participation, and equitable service provision. The findings from the study underline the necessity of a reciprocal relationship between municipalities and residents to foster a culture of compliance and financial sustainability.

Assessment of the impact of the lesson study approach and didactic suitability criteria on mathematics teacher training from the onto-semiotic approach

Luisa Morales-Maure — 2025-04-04

Improving mathematics teacher training requires evidence-based methodologies to enhance instructional quality and professional competencies. This study evaluates the impact of the EDEM Diploma Program, which integrates the Lesson Study approach and Didactic Suitability Criteria (DSC) within the Didactic-Mathematical Knowledge and Competencies Model (DMKC). The research follows a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative pre-test and post-test assessments with qualitative analysis of lesson planning and teaching reflections. The program was implemented in two phases: planning and execution of lesson study cycles, including collaborative lesson design, classroom implementation, reflective teaching discussions, and pedagogical assessment. Results indicate a 17.4 percentage point improvement in teachers' mathematical knowledge, with 82% demonstrating improved lesson structuring, 76% enhancing formative assessment strategies, and 88% gaining confidence in interactive teaching techniques. Findings highlight the strong correlation between teacher reflection and pedagogical improvement, emphasizing the effectiveness of structured, research-based professional learning. The study concludes that integrating Lesson Study and DSC enhances both mathematical knowledge and instructional quality, providing a scalable model for mathematics teacher training. Practical implications suggest the need for sustained professional development programs and longitudinal studies on teacher retention and student performance outcomes to assess the long-term impact of this approach.

A continued struggle for deserving effective services in South African municipalities

Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad — 2025-04-07

The socioeconomic demography of a municipality impacts the delivery of services within its areas of jurisdiction. In the case of South African municipalities, this statement is evidenced by poverty, unemployment, and service delivery protests. This situation is observed from the perspective of community members, who are the end users of unsatisfactory services. From the municipal viewpoint, the lack of financial, human, and infrastructural resources contributes to ineffective service delivery. The fact remains that municipalities are failing to deliver on their mandate of effective and efficient service delivery. The lack of financial resources and economic viability remains challenging, as this inadequacy causes municipalities to incur debts. The lack of human resources is a challenge that demands capacity-building interventions to equip municipal personnel to deliver improved services. This article explores various municipal challenges identified in a qualitative study that conducted literature and document reviews to gather information. The information was analyzed through conceptual and document analysis. The findings confirm that municipalities require transformation. In terms of practical implications, a shift from traditional modes of operation is needed to implement electronic services (e-services), and municipalities must adapt to electronic governance and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) interventions to improve service delivery. This article concludes by proposing recommendations for improvement based on the literature review.

The historical observation of the relationship between foreign trade and employment: Evidence from China’s manufacturing industry

Sen Yan — 2025-04-07

This paper aims to explore the relationship between foreign trade and employment in China's manufacturing sector, covering data analysis from 1998 to 2014. We used various econometric methods to analyze the impact of different components of foreign trade on related manufacturing employment. The findings indicate that export trade has a significant positive effect on employment in China's manufacturing sector, while import trade generally exerts a suppressive impact on employment, particularly imports from countries other than the United States. Specifically, the influence of imports from the United States is positive but not significant, warranting cautious interpretation. Additionally, the study elucidates the mechanisms of influence, suggesting that foreign trade affects employment levels in relevant industries through its impact on aggregate supply and demand. Furthermore, this study provides policy recommendations, including promoting trade development and optimizing trade structure, actively engaging in trade negotiations to address trade frictions, and focusing on domestic circulation to stabilize employment. These measures offer valuable references for policymakers to ensure the robust development and employment growth of China's manufacturing sector amid a complex and changing international environment.

Discrete element simulation analysis of ball mill ball trajectory and liner plate structure based on EDEM

Jun Shen — 2025-04-07

The ball mill is the preferred equipment for ore grinding, and research on ball mill grinding technology can save energy and reduce energy consumption. The discrete element method is a numerical approach used to simulate the behavior of granular materials and has been widely applied in the study of mineral processing and crushing processes. This article uses EDEM discrete element software to simulate three different liner structures of ball mills (stepped liner, T-shaped liner, and inclined liner) and analyzes the motion path of grinding balls in the ball mill. At the same time, by evaluating the grinding ball height, power, collision type, collision frequency, and relative velocity of the ball mill, the grinding effect of the three lining plate structures was assessed, and it was found that the stepped lining plate has certain advantages in its grinding effect. The EDEM discrete element simulation is in good agreement with the actual working conditions of the ball mill and has good reference and guidance significance for grinding work.

Unlocking sustainable competitive advantage in healthcare: How workplace values, service culture, and capabilities drive excellence in hospitals

Kristiana Susilowati — 2025-04-07

The study investigates the way in which Christian hospitals integrate faith-based values into their management structures in order to develop distinctive service competencies and gain long-term competitive advantage in increasingly competitive healthcare markets. Phenomenological qualitative inquiry entailed conducting in-depth interviews with ten Indonesian Christian hospital senior leaders. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze recurring patterns and relationships between spiritual bases, integration processes, and competitive outcomes. Four integration mechanisms are identified by the study: mission-based leadership, spiritual community building, values-based care provision, and open-ended stakeholder dialogue. These mechanisms build distinctive service capabilities that bridge spiritual foundations and competitive success. Christian values, when incorporated into organizational practices through a structured approach, create one-of-a-kind competitive strengths with the hospital retaining its spiritual mission orientation and nature. Hospital administrators must effectively balance mission accomplishment with economic sustainability. The conceptual framework presents prescriptive recommendations for faith-based healthcare organizations to leverage their religious identity as an asset in challenging healthcare settings.

The physiological effect of Phenol Compounds Isolated from Black Tea Camellia sinensis L. in Male Rats Exposed to Methotrexate

Walaa Salih Hassan — 2025-04-07

This study aims to comprehend the function of phenolic compounds and black tea (Camellia sinensis L.) against oxidative stress brought on by methotrexate medication overdose in male rats. The study used 60 adult male rats, and groups of eight rats were formed. T1: 0.85% Normal saline (control). T2: phenol (75 mg/kg body weight) + methotrexate (10 mg/kg). T3: 125 mg/kg phenol with 10 mg/kg methotrexate. T4: 150 mg/kg phenol with 10 mg/kg methotrexate injection. T5: injection: 200 mg/kg black tea + 10 mg/kg methotrexate. T6: Methotrexate 10 mg/kg + 250 mg/kg black tea injection. T7: 300 mg/kg black tea injection + 10 mg/kg. T8: Methotrexate treatment, 10 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were taken 30 times a day for 14 days after oral dosing. The total protein, blood sugar, hepatic enzyme efficiency, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione peroxidation of male rats were measured. The results indicated that treated black tea and phenol isolated from black tea showed that MDA and LPO concentrations were significantly higher in T8 rats than in T1 rats treated with methotrexate. With drinking water, methotrexate increases ROS and oxidative stress, raising liver tissue MDA and LPO levels and lowering GPX. In male rats, injections of 300 and 125 mg/kg of phenol and phenol extracts prevent and reduce oxidative stress caused by methotrexate by increasing protein and GPX levels and decreasing blood sugar, MDA, and LPO levels in liver tissue.

Comparasion of wrist arthrodesis with ulnar centralization and joint salvage with non vascularized fibular graft reconstruction surgery on distal radius giant cell tumor Campanacci 3 at single Centre

Yohanes Aprianto Senduk Widodo — 2025-04-07

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign neoplasm that is locally aggressive and mostly involves the epimetaphysis. Giant cell tumor is the sixth most common primary bone neoplasm, accounting for 20% of benign bone tumors and 5% of primary bone tumors, with the distal radius being the third most common site for GCTBs to occur, accounting for an average of 10% (8–13%) of GCTB occurrences. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics, clinical outcomes, and recurrence of GCTB of the distal radius Campanacci 3. This retrospective analytical observational study was conducted at a single center between 2015 and 2023. The study involved a comparison of wrist arthrodesis with ulnar centralization and joint salvage with non-vascularized fibular graft reconstruction in 23 patients with Campanacci 3 giant cell tumor of the distal radius. All patients were evaluated by identifying their characteristics (age, gender, tumor size, surgical procedure), functional outcomes including the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score, and range of motion (ROM). The study population included slightly more females (52.2%) than males. The majority of cases occurred in the 20-30 year age range (30.4%). Most tumors were >10 cm (56.5%). Joint salvage with non-vascularized fibular graft reconstruction was performed in 56.5% of patients. There were no metastases or recurrences. A greater range of motion (>45 degrees) was observed in 52.1% of patients who underwent non-vascularized fibular graft reconstruction. 56.5% of patients achieved good MSTS scores (18-24). With the results of existing research characteristics and supported by data from other studies, there is significant evidence for joint salvage with non-vascularized fibular graft reconstruction resulting in higher functional outcomes than wrist arthrodesis.

Impact of foreign direct investment and remittances on Nigeria’s economic performance: An empirical investigation

Evelyn Olubanke Orumwense — 2025-04-07

This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and remittance inflows on Nigeria's economic performance, measured by GDP per capita, from 1985 to 2023. The research uses both Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) models to capture both symmetric and asymmetric effects in the long and short run. The ARDL model reveals that remittances have a statistically significant long-run positive effect on GDP per capita, with a 1% increase in remittances leading to approximately 0.087% growth. FDI, however, is not significant in the linear long-run model. The NARDL results show stronger and more nuanced findings: positive changes in remittances and FDI significantly increase GDP per capita by 0.096% and 0.245%, respectively, while even negative shocks in both variables yield positive long-run effects of 0.345% for remittances and 0.205% for FDI. In the short run, remittances are insignificant, whereas negative FDI shocks have a significant negative effect, highlighting the economy's sensitivity to FDI volatility. The results support the extended Solow-Swan growth model, emphasizing the importance of capital inflows. Policymakers should focus on stabilizing FDI, enhancing remittance channels, and reducing external shock vulnerability, as both flows are critical to Nigeria's long-term economic development.

Public service sector decisions: A literature study on the role of government and community collaboration in decision-making processes

Eka Wira Dharmawan — 2025-04-08

The importance of government and community collaboration during the decision-making process in the public service sector using collaboration methods is significant. The application of this collaboration is considered an effective strategy to improve public services as desired by the community. For this reason, the government needs to collaborate with the community in making public service policy decisions. By using the literature study method, this research found that collaboration is a form of innovation that fosters a shared understanding between the parties involved. This common understanding can take the form of a vision, mission, and goals. Although there are still many challenges that need to be faced, most of these government and community collaboration projects have yielded positive results and improved public services more effectively.

The impact of community embeddedness in online learning communities on users' collaborative learning ability in China

Yichun Meng — 2025-04-08

With the rapid growth of online learning communities in China, understanding how community embeddedness influences learners' collaborative learning abilities has become increasingly important. This study examines the role of relational embeddedness in shaping users' collaborative learning and explores the moderating effects of institutional incentives and infrastructure quality. Using data from the Gitee platform, the findings show that stronger relational embeddedness enhances collaborative learning by increasing trust, interaction frequency, and knowledge sharing. Moreover, institutional incentives, such as reward systems and structured participation mechanisms, further encourage active engagement, while well-developed infrastructure, including user-friendly interfaces and stable platforms, facilitates smoother collaboration. These results suggest that improving community engagement, strengthening institutional support, and enhancing technical infrastructure can significantly boost the effectiveness of online learning. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of online learning communities and offers practical insights for platform developers and policymakers aiming to optimize online education environments in China.

The impact of corporate social responsibility on the reputation of local companies (Case study with companies in Kosovo)

Demir Lima — 2025-04-08

This study aims to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibilities in Kosovo and their reputation in the market and in society, focusing on the impact that CSR has on the company's image. This type of research is descriptive research, for which an online survey, a self-administered survey, was used to collect data for this purpose. The sample consisted of 52 consumers and various individuals in Kosovo. The results show that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is positively related to corporate reputation; as social responsibility increases, corporate reputation increases. A limitation of the study is the limited size of the research participants, with only 52 individuals participating. Only those individuals who had the opportunity to access the questionnaire via the link distributed online participated in the research. Therefore, not every individual in the population had an equal opportunity to be included in the sample. Additionally, the sample size for this research was limited due to the short time period. For future research, it is recommended that the questionnaire be applied to more consumers and differentiated individuals in order to determine in more detail whether corporate social responsibility is affecting corporate image and goodwill.

The mediating effect of information and communication technology utilization on cognitive function and activities of daily living in eldery with cognitive decline

Jee Young Lee — 2025-04-08

This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of information and communication technology (ICT) utilization on cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) / instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in Korean elderly individuals with cognitive decline. A total of 2,448 individuals aged 65 and older with cognitive decline were selected as study subjects from the original dataset of the 2023 National Survey on the Status of the Elderly. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0 with a complex sample analysis method. Frequency and descriptive statistics, partial correlation analysis, general linear model analysis, and Sobel's test were performed. The results showed a negative correlation between cognitive function and ADL/IADL, and a positive correlation between cognitive function and ICT utilization. ICT utilization was shown to be negatively correlated with ADL/IADL. Results also indicated that ICT utilization partially mediates the relationship between cognitive function and ADL/IADL. These findings suggest that using ICT can be a preventive factor in reducing the ability to perform daily activities that can be attributed to cognitive decline. This implies that we should consider strategies to strengthen the use of ICT that affect the maintenance and improvement of daily life performance for older adults with cognitive decline.

The impact of privacy design in university student housing on mental health and academic performance: A systematic review (2000-2024)"

LI Tianyu — 2025-04-08

The rapid expansion of higher education has intensified focus on student housing design and its impact on academic success and well-being. Despite substantial research examining various aspects of student housing, a critical gap exists in understanding how privacy design features specifically influence student outcomes. This study aims to systematically analyze student housing research from 2000 to 2024, evaluate interconnections between design aspects and student outcomes, and develop an evidence-based framework for understanding the relationship between housing design and student well-being. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review analyzed 143 documents across 94 sources from Scopus, employing a Structural Topic Model (STM) approach to uncover latent thematic structures. The analysis revealed five distinct research themes: social implications (37%), campus development (22%), student satisfaction (18%), training programs (15%), and facility design (9%). Temporal analysis demonstrated a significant shift from technical considerations toward social and experiential aspects, with 55% of publications occurring between 2020-2024. Correlation analysis revealed predominantly negative correlations between research streams, particularly between social implications and campus development (-0.41), indicating limited interdisciplinary integration. The findings highlight the need for more integrated approaches to student housing design that balance privacy considerations with community development. The study's correlation patterns and topic coherence analysis suggest opportunities for bridging distinct research streams through interdisciplinary frameworks. Future research should focus on developing integrated methodologies, conducting longitudinal studies on privacy design impacts, and investigating the role of emerging technologies in student housing design.

Students' perception, concentration, and attention in learning and teachers' challenging approaches for effective and efficient learning: The social context, the influence of social networks, and technology have changed the learning environment and the need for new educational policies

Ferit Hysa — 2025-04-09

This study is in the field of cognitive psychology and it focuses on the perception and attention of students in learning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the perception and concentration of students in learning, as well as the new contexts created with the development of technology. The perception and concentration of students in learning have changed, and distracting factors have increased. This study hypothesizes that high learning outcomes for students are achieved through interactive learning and new inclusive approaches. The study method is both quantitative and qualitative. For this, questionnaires are administered to a specific sample, and for the qualitative method, observations and interviews are conducted from which the necessary data are collected for analysis. The study population consists of all pre-university education students in Tirana, and the study sample is composed of three 9-year schools in the city of Tirana and three schools in the Elbasan region, totaling 5,400 students. The schools were selected by lot from a total of 112 schools in the city of Tirana and 23 schools in the Elbasan region. Data analysis is performed using the SPSS program, and for qualitative data, categorization and classification of the analyzed data are employed. The conclusion is that the factors of perception, concentration, and attention of students in teaching and learning have changed in favor of distraction, and teachers must ensure that learning builds different approaches to mitigate the distractions of perception and concentration.

The impact of financial subsidies and tax incentives on corporate innovation: A systematic literature review based on Citespace

Qiuhong Liu — 2025-04-09

From the global economic development perspective, innovation has become a crucial driving force for economic growth. The entire world is transitioning smoothly into the digital era and experiencing a profound wave of scientific innovation, with increased intensity in research and development investments worldwide. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis regarding the developmental trends of the impact of financial subsidies and tax incentives on corporate innovation. Employing CiteSpace, this study comprehensively utilizes bibliometric analysis and content analysis methods to review 51 articles selected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The analysis involves examining the characteristics and content of the literature. It identifies the overall publication landscape, trends in research hotspots, and clustering of research themes. The study also provides a qualitative analysis of research outcomes on the impact of financial subsidies and tax incentives on corporate innovation, considering dimensions such as research questions, research methods, and research conclusions. The findings reveal advancements in research on the impact of financial subsidies and tax incentives on innovation performance, innovation efficiency, innovation input and output, technological innovation, and innovations related to environmental sustainability. In conclusion, it looks forward to the future development trends of this research theme, focusing on the introduction of innovation quality, strengthening interactive impact analysis, and expanding the exploration of moderating variables.

The impact of artificial intelligence on organizational decision-making processes

Baoyu Huang — 2025-04-09

Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected through quantitative surveys (N=258) and qualitative interviews with AI practitioners and decision-makers across multiple industries. Findings indicate that AI significantly improves decision efficiency by automating analytical tasks, reducing human cognitive biases, and enabling real-time insights. However, challenges persist, particularly in algorithmic transparency, ethical governance, and compliance with regulatory standards. Key findings reveal that AI integration positively influences decision effectiveness (β=0.156, p=0.031), but human oversight (β=0.381, p<0.001) and regulatory compliance (β=0.314, p<0.001) play crucial mediating roles. Ethical and security challenges necessitate stronger AI governance frameworks, as organizations struggle with bias mitigation, legal accountability, and AI explainability. Industry experts emphasize the need for a hybrid Human-AI collaboration model, ensuring AI remains an augmentation rather than a replacement for human decision-makers. This study contributes to AI governance literature by highlighting the importance of ethical AI deployment, transparent decision systems, and regulatory adherence. Future research should explore AI’s impact in high-risk sectors, develop proactive AI compliance strategies, and examine cross-national AI regulatory frameworks to enhance responsible AI adoption globally.

Self-confidence as a mediator between physical fitness and academic achievement: A review of the literature

Bella Shasi Saraswara — 2025-04-09

The primary aim of this literature review was to analyze the influence of physical fitness and self-confidence on adolescent academic achievement through several pathways, including improved cognition, focus, and memory. This literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Literature Reviews (SLR) guidelines. The search continued to PUBMED and Google Scholar through the Publish or Perish (PoP) application. Once the analysis was completed, 41 articles met the requirements. Research shows that there is a positive relationship between physical activity levels (especially moderate to strenuous physical activity) and fitness components (such as muscle strength, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness) with self-esteem and interpersonal relationships in adolescents. The research used was a correlational design, which involved observing a group of participants at a single point in time. The findings of this literature review are that physical fitness and self-confidence have a positive influence on adolescents' academic achievement. Practical implications include improving fitness programs in schools, which involve sports and physical exercise to support adolescents' physical and academic well-being, focusing on boosting confidence and supporting academic achievement. More research is needed to understand other factors such as sleep, diet, and stress management that affect academic performance with the right policies.

Influence of organic fertilizer in the production and economic efficiency of Brachiaria Humidicola

Bui Van Loi — 2025-04-10

Hairless grass (Brachiaria humidicola) grown in Thua Thien Hue initially showed that it can adapt to the weather and climate conditions in Thua Thien Hue. The study aimed to evaluate this grass species' growth capacity, production capacity, and economic efficiency when using different levels of organic fertilization. The experiment was conducted on four fertilization regimes of 10, 20, 30, and 50 tons of organic fertilizer per hectare in a 1-year cycle; for each hectare, we chose 5 points for data collection and analysis of nutritional values and measurement of productivity. The results showed that increasing the amount of fertilizer enhanced the green growth capacity, the yield of each hectare, and the economic efficiency of Brachiaria humidicola (P < 0.05). Increasing the amount of organic fertilizer to 50 tons per hectare did not differ from 30 tons per hectare. A fertilization regime of 30 tons per hectare for grass has brought high economic efficiency in livestock farming of goats and cattle. Additionally, green matter, dry matter, and protein yield were above 12.89, 3.62, and 0.98 tons per hectare per time harvested. Furthermore, this result also showed that dry matter (%), crude protein, total minerals, and insoluble fiber in the neutral detergent of B. humidicola were 25.36, 7.92, 70.87, and 8.73% dry matter, respectively. Our research results could provide more useful information about the newly introduced grass of B. humidicola planted in rice croplands. This might benefit local farmers in converting cultivated crops from growing rice to grasses for cattle. Our data will provide scientific data and experimental facilities for planting new species for climate change adaptation in Thua Thien Hue province areas.

Cloud-based accounting challenges and integration amongst accounting and finance professionals in Nigeria

Andrew Ugbah — 2025-04-10

Although the emergence of cloud accounting (CA) has gained high momentum considering the enormous benefits it presents in all walks of human life, its integration into the financial operations and decision-making processes of firms in Nigeria remains limited due to various challenges. Consequently, this research is motivated to investigate the extent to which challenges related to security issues (SI), compatibility issues (CS), internet reliability issues (IR), subscription costs (SS), training costs (TC), and regulatory ambiguities (RA) affect CA integration in Nigeria. In light of this, questionnaires were administered to accounting and finance professionals in Asaba, Agbor, Abraka, and Ozoro in Nigeria. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) with the aid of SmartPLS. Out of the 400 questionnaires distributed, 356 were retrieved and used for the analysis with the aid of SmartPLS. Prior to conducting the PLS analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's test of sphericity (BTS) were conducted. Overall, both KMO and BTS are used to test the suitability of the factor analysis. SPSS was used to conduct both preliminary tests. The PLS estimate reported that security issues (SI), compatibility issues (CS), internet reliability (IR), and regulatory ambiguities (RA) significantly deter CA integration. However, a moderate increase in both subscription costs (SS) and training costs (TC) increases CA integration. Therefore, the study concludes that high security issues (SI), compatibility issues (CS), internet reliability (IR), and regulatory ambiguities (RA) significantly deter CA integration, but a moderate rise in subscription costs (SS) and training costs (TC) increases CA integration. To address the security issues, the study suggests that Nigerian businesses need to conduct regular security audits and that accounting and finance professionals need to collaborate with credible CA service providers. Lastly, accountants and finance analysts need to invest in multiple computer hardware such as switches, routers, and other network gadgets.

Trustworthy mutual user authentication technique using id in fog computing

K. Sujatha — 2025-04-10

The extension of the cloud that provides services to a massive scale of end users to enhance efficient performance is coined as Fog Computing. Whenever a new paradigm arises, a challenging and vital issue is authentication for security. This paper proposes a new improvised Trustworthy Mutual Authentication Technique (TMAT) to achieve complete mutual authentication between end users and fog nodes using IDs in fog computing. Here, the trusted ID issuer is implemented between end users and fog nodes. They receive their authentication ticket while registering themselves with the Trusted ID Issuer (TID). It involves only simple XOR operations and one-way hash functions. The efficiency of the technique is analyzed by implementing various pseudo-random number generators (PRNG) and is obtained within a limited resource environment. This technique is more secure and efficient by avoiding the storage of a master key and repetitions of session keys. It ensures Dynamic Authentication with the usage of minimal infrastructure architecture.

Climate change impacts on south African non-life insurance: A comprehensive analysis of natural disaster risk and adaptation strategies

Sandile Johannes Buthelezi — 2025-04-10

This study investigates the impact of climate change on the South African insurance industry, focusing specifically on the increased frequency and intensity of natural disasters. The escalating threats posed by extreme weather events, including floods, droughts, storms, and wildfires, are analyzed in depth, revealing a significant surge in damages related to property, business interruptions, and agricultural losses. As weather patterns become increasingly unpredictable, the study highlights the challenges faced by South Africa in predicting and managing risks effectively, necessitating a paradigm shift in risk assessment methodologies. Descriptive statistics and time series analyses were used to summarize and observe trends over the period 2000-2024 to provide a comprehensive examination of the intricate relationship between climate change and the South African insurance industry, focusing on the escalating risks posed by natural disasters. The study reveals that droughts are the most significant climatological concern in South Africa, with hydrological disasters being the most common. Meteorological disasters are more frequent, emphasizing the need for robust preparedness and response measures. Floods are the most prevalent disaster type, with KwaZulu-Natal having the highest number of disasters. The Eastern Cape and Northern Cape experience fewer disasters. Overall, climatological, hydrological, and meteorological events are the most prevalent, with droughts dominating the climatological subgroup. This comprehensive analysis contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the intersection of climate change and the insurance industry in South Africa, providing insights into the multifaceted challenges insurers face and outlining potential adaptation strategies. The findings of this study offer valuable guidance for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers seeking to navigate the complex landscape of climate-related risks in the insurance sector.

The abundance of needs and the role of creativity in human evolution in a commodity economy

Nguyen Mai Lam — 2025-04-10

The content of this research aims to clarify the abilities and needs created to become the driving force for each individual to develop their capacity, contributing to the evolution of "Humanity" in developing a commodity economy. The article's content uses the methodology of human philosophy, social philosophy, and qualitative methods, especially the inversion method, to point out the transformation of different aspects of life in developing a commodity economy to achieve this goal. The result is that the system of human relations with nature becomes human communication, which is the process of creating society; performing natural functions becomes a task in the division of labor, and each individual becomes a mission, carrying different messages of life so that they are all equally good, with no discrimination against people. The conclusion of the article affirms: first, human life is the natural communication of "humanity"; it is the process of humans constantly creating life, while simultaneously producing tools to help "mechanize the body"; second, creativity is the value of socialized life, and each individual can develop their full potential in social communication; third, the coercion of mutual life in "human" society with products makes money the dominant force, and people become commodities; fourth, money is the subject that governs life in the commodity economy, so the life of money is free.

Physiological differences in aerobic performance (VO^2 max) and recovery between men and women

Alketa Çaushi — 2025-04-10

Gender differences in exercise performance and recovery are influenced by physiological and hormonal factors. This study investigated these differences in an 8-week aerobic training program, focusing on VO₂ max, heart rate, calorie expenditure, and recovery time. Sixty healthy adults (aged 25-40), equally divided by gender, participated in the study. All participants maintained a baseline fitness level and had no history of cardiovascular or metabolic disorders. Results showed that men experienced a 15% improvement in VO₂ max, compared to 10% in women, suggesting greater cardiovascular adaptations. Men also burned 20% more calories per session than women, likely due to their higher muscle mass and basal metabolic rate. However, women demonstrated faster recovery times, returning to baseline heart rates within 10-12 minutes, while men required approximately 15 minutes. This difference may be attributed to hormonal influences, particularly estrogen’s role in cardiovascular recovery. Both genders exhibited reductions in resting heart rate, with a more significant decrease observed in men. These findings emphasize the need for gender-specific training approaches. Men may benefit from high-intensity training to maximize endurance and cardiovascular adaptations, whereas women may achieve better results by incorporating endurance-based and recovery-focused exercises. Personalized training programs that account for these physiological differences can optimize performance outcomes for both sexes. Further research into hormonal effects on exercise response is recommended to refine gender-adapted training strategies, improving athletic performance and recovery.

Generative artificial intelligence in academic writing in higher education: A systematic review

Thaweesak Chanpradit — 2025-04-10

The growing integration of generative artificial intelligence tools in higher education has not met with comprehensive guidelines regarding the use of GenAI in academic writing, especially in English language teaching and learning. This review seeks to fill this gap by identifying and synthesizing research that examines the roles, benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations of GenAI published between 2023 and 2024. The PRISMA procedure was used to identify research articles that resulted in 30 studies selected for the review. The findings of the review identified the significant role that generative AI plays in enhancing the cohesion, precision, clarity, and engagement of academic writing, offering improved creativity, fluency, and proficiency. However, it also identified challenges, including the risks of plagiarism, over-reliance on AI tools and their generated text, diminished creativity, ethical misconduct, and limitations in interpreting nuanced information and producing authentic content. Issues such as hallucinations, biases, cultural insensitivity, unequal access to AI technologies, and inadequate AI literacy further complicate the integration of GenAI. Ethical considerations, particularly institutional guidelines and transparent data management, are critical to ensuring the responsible use of AI. Human oversight and institutional support, including structured training and equitable access, are also necessary to address these challenges.

From work motivation to innovative behavior of employees in enterprises

Huy Cong Nguyen — 2025-04-10

To ensure the survival and development of organizations in a dynamic and competitive environment, managers must seek new approaches to business management (AlEssa & Durugbo, 2021). This study aims to examine the impact of work motivation on employees’ innovative behavior in Vietnamese enterprises through the mediating factors of psychological capital and transformational leadership style in the context of digital transformation. A quantitative research method was employed using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. Research data were collected through a survey of 476 employees working in enterprises that have implemented or are in the process of implementing digital transformation, including both state-owned and private enterprises. The findings indicate that work motivation not only has a direct and positive impact but also an indirect impact on employees’ innovative behavior through the mediating factors of psychological capital and transformational leadership style. Additionally, the transformational leadership style was found to impact employees’ psychological capital. These findings provide significant contributions to the literature. Based on these results, the study proposes several recommendations to enhance employees’ innovative behavior in enterprises within the digital transformation context. This study is a useful reference for firms.

Impact of corporate culture on the application of lean manufacturing in enterprises

Do Thi Ngoc Lan — 2025-04-10

The plastics industry is witnessing dramatic changes, technological breakthroughs, lean manufacturing processes, and new environmental regulations. Along with that is the constant adaptation of plastics firms to keep up with market trends and maintain competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to assess the factors affecting the application of lean manufacturing in supporting industrial production enterprises in Northern Vietnam: A Case Study of a Group of Plastic Molding Enterprises. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, surveying 82 plastic molding enterprises that have been applying Lean Manufacturing models. The analysis results show that three main factors affect the effectiveness of Lean application: (i) human resources (including employee competence, skills, and improvement awareness); (ii) leadership commitment (expressed through resource investment, policy issuance, and direct involvement in Lean deployment); and (iii) corporate culture (a working environment that encourages creativity, continuous improvement, and teamwork spirit). The study also provides insights into the application process of Lean in the production context of supporting industrial production enterprises. The practical implication of this study is lessons for other businesses in the industry.

Assessing the impact of human capital development on economic growth in west African monetary zone: A pooled mean group estimation

Petrolina Ebehiremen Osobase — 2025-04-10

This study examines the impact of human capital development on economic growth in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) from 1990 to 2023, focusing on government expenditure on education and health. Grounded in the augmented Solow human capital growth model, the study applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation technique with the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator to assess both short-run and long-run relationships. The findings indicate a positive and statistically significant long-run impact of education and health expenditure on economic growth, reinforcing the critical role of sustained human capital investments. However, short-run effects vary, with education expenditure contributing modestly to growth, while health expenditure shows a negative short-term impact, likely due to inefficiencies in resource allocation. The Error Correction Term (ECT) suggests that while some WAMZ economies adjust to equilibrium after economic shocks, others exhibit weak correction mechanisms. The causality analysis confirms that economic growth influences education expenditure, but the reverse relationship is not significant. These findings underscore the need for strategic, long-term investments in education and health and institutional reforms to maximize the economic benefits of human capital development in WAMZ countries.

Research on the impact of social exclusion on conspicuous consumption: The moderating role of mindfulness

Zhi-Wei Jiang — 2025-04-10

This study examines the relationship between social exclusion and conspicuous consumption behavior, with a focus on the mediating role of psychological distress. This study employed a questionnaire survey, gathering data from 561 participants (working-age population in mainland China) using purposive sampling. Statistical techniques, including structural equation modeling, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, were applied to test the proposed theoretical model. The findings reveal that social exclusion significantly promotes conspicuous consumption, with psychological distress acting as a mediator. Additionally, mindfulness moderates the effect of social exclusion on conspicuous consumption, although it does not influence the relationship between social exclusion and psychological distress. The study’s theoretical contribution lies in identifying the mechanism by which social exclusion impacts conspicuous consumption, providing a deeper understanding of the psychological processes behind such behaviors. The practical implications suggest that mindfulness-based interventions could be effective in reducing conspicuous consumption among individuals experiencing social exclusion, offering a potential strategy for managing consumption patterns in a social context.

Assessing the efficiency of government budget expenditure across provinces in Thailand

Sukhumal Chollagran — 2025-04-10

This research aims to: 1) identify input and output factors for evaluating the efficiency of government budget spending in the spatial dimension of provinces in Thailand, and 2) evaluate the efficiency of government budget spending in the spatial dimension of 76 provinces in Thailand, excluding Bangkok. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative research. The qualitative study involved in-depth interviews with 20 key informants to determine input, output, and environmental factors. The quantitative analysis utilized the Data Envelopment Analysis method, applying both the CCR and BCC models to evaluate efficiency scores. The research results revealed: 1) The input factors consist of total budget expenditure and total budget expenditure per capita. The output factors include provincial gross product, proportion of poor people, coefficient of income inequality, employment rate, and crime cases. The environmental factors encompass population density, average years of education, and unemployment rate. 2) Based on the model utilizing the input factors and the output factors, the evaluation of government budget spending efficiency in 76 provinces (excluding Bangkok) found that the CCR model had an average efficiency score of 0.567, the BCC model had an average efficiency score of 0.619, and the SE model had an average efficiency score of 0.932.

Effectiveness of migration and human rights education applying the ARCS model among nursing students

Seung A Lee — 2025-04-10

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Migration and Human Rights Education Applying the ARCS model (MHREAM) program among nursing students. A quasi-experimental, one-group, pretest-posttest design was used with 23 nursing students (20 females, 3 males). The MHREAM intervention incorporated teaching and learning strategies to enhance attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. The program was conducted weekly over 14 weeks, with each session lasting 75 minutes. The study measured motivation toward instructional materials and learning outcomes, including human rights awareness and sensitivity. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements in posttest scores compared to pretest scores for the Instructional Materials Motivation Scale (IMMS), human rights awareness, and sensitivity. The results suggest that the Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction (ARCS) model effectively enhances IMMS. Furthermore, improved human rights awareness and sensitivity through MHREAM may enable nursing students to contribute to creating healthcare environments that uphold the dignity and human rights of diverse populations, including migrants.

Sustainable corrosion protection of steel bulkhead wall by installation of pultruded GFRP panels

Ghassan Hachem — 2025-04-11

In marine environments, particularly in wharf structures, the corrosion of steel bulkhead walls poses a significant threat to structural integrity and safety, resulting in substantial economic and environmental burdens due to frequent maintenance and potential structural failures. Traditional corrosion protection methods, such as coatings and cathodic protection, offer temporary solutions but are hindered by their limited lifespan, high maintenance costs, and potential environmental impacts due to the use of hazardous materials. This study proposes a solution utilizing pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) panels in conjunction with concrete fill to provide sustainable and effective corrosion protection for steel bulkhead walls in wharfs. The pultrusion process ensures the production of high-quality GFRP panels with consistent properties, making them an ideal material for marine applications. These panels act as a waterproof membrane, preventing direct contact between the steel structure and corrosive seawater. The concrete fill not only provides structural support but also acts as a corrosion inhibitor by maintaining a high pH environment, which passivates the steel surface, forming a protective oxide layer that suppresses corrosion reactions. A corrosion protection project was completed using this technique at ATCL marina in Lebanon, offering a promising alternative to traditional methods, such as painting. This case study contributes to the advancement of corrosion protection technologies, addressing the critical need for durable, environmentally friendly solutions in marine infrastructure and paving the way for future innovations in marine structural protection.

Brand image analysis of Indonesian telecommunication company: A quantitative approach

Nadhifah Dumasari — 2025-04-12

Social media has become an essential marketing tool for companies to establish and maintain their brand image, with Instagram offering a highly effective platform due to its visual and interactive features. This research aims to explore how strategic elements such as content creativity, consistency, and user engagement influence the brand image of Indonesian Telekomunikasi (PT INTI). A quantitative approach was utilized, with data collected through a questionnaire distributed to 458 respondents, all of whom were familiar with the @ptintiofficial Instagram account. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS software. Based on our findings, recommendations are provided to optimize PT INTI’s Instagram strategy, such as improving user interaction, ensuring consistent posting schedules, and utilizing innovative Instagram features. This study contributes to understanding the role of social media in shaping brand image and offers practical insights for PT INTI and other organizations aiming to strengthen their branding via Instagram. Future research is encouraged to investigate additional variables and employ diverse methodologies to broaden the scope of this topic.

Cloud computing security mechanisms random number authentication

Amitabha Yadav — 2025-04-12

Cloud computing security is an important aspect that has received extensive research attention because of the increasing use of cloud based services. Field of cloud computing security is continually evolving. Cloud security points towards the group of practices, technologies, rules, and procedures that are kept in place to secure data, applications, and services which are deployed on cloud computing platforms. Cloud computing give permission to organizations and individuals to keep, process, and get data and applications over the internet, but this convenience also initiates new security challenges. Cloud security aims to address the issues and assure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of cloud services. Cloud security aspects are included in the paper. Boundary level protection framework using honey pot encryption technique is proposed in the paper. How threats are attacking at the boundary level of cloud is discussed. Cloud security framework is proposed in this paper. The author attempts to propose a security mechanism named as Random Number Authentication for the system.

Investigation of the relationship between executive functions and social cognition in hearing-impaired children: A cross-sectional study

Huda Shaaban Awed — 2025-04-12

The current study aimed to explore the relationship between executive functions and social cognition in hearing-impaired children. The sample comprised 162 students (89 males, 73 females) with hearing impairments enrolled in integration programs in the cities of Najran, Abha, and Jazan in southern Saudi Arabia, with an average age of 12.9 years (standard deviation = 1.92 years). A descriptive analytical approach was employed, utilizing the Barkley Executive Function Deficit Scale for Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-CA) and the Social Cognitive Scale. The findings revealed a statistically significant correlation between executive functions and social cognition. Additionally, no significant differences were found between males and females regarding their executive functions and social cognition. Notably, social cognition accounted for 77% of the variance in executive function scores. This preliminary study offers valuable insights into potential strategies and programs for training executive function tasks, which can significantly influence various aspects of social and cognitive development in hearing-impaired children.

Are AI tools biased storytellers? Examining gender-bias in AI-generated narratives

Dialekti Athina Voutyrakou — 2025-04-12

With millions of people relying on Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools such as Copilot, Gemini, and ChatGPT in their daily lives, evaluating the fairness of these systems and investigating their potential biases is crucial. The purpose of this research is to examine whether AI tools associate certain professions and hobbies with specific genders during storytelling, potentially perpetuating gender stereotypes. The study employs a dual approach: text-based and image-based storytelling are analyzed through controlled experiments. In the text analysis, patterns in gender-occupation pairings are identified, while the image analysis focuses on visual depictions of gender roles in professions and activities. Our findings show that all three AI tools consistently exhibit gender biases, linking particular jobs and hobbies with traditional gender roles in both textual and visual outputs. These biases could reinforce societal stereotypes, shaping users' perceptions of gender roles, especially in educational contexts. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for debiasing strategies to ensure AI tools foster inclusivity and fairness. Addressing these issues is essential for the equitable design of AI tools and crucial for creating an inclusive educational framework that empowers individuals to explore diverse identities and career paths.

Improving energy efficiency in Moroccan homes: Thermal performance of gypsum plaster and expanded clay

Soufian Omari — 2025-04-12

Thermophysical properties of construction materials, such as thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, play a crucial role in evaluating the thermal performance of buildings. This study investigates these properties in gypsum plaster mixed with expanded clay granules and assesses its impact on residential building energy demand. Gypsum plaster samples were prepared with varying mass proportions of expanded clay while maintaining a constant water-to-plaster ratio. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity were measured using the heated plate and flash methods, respectively. Additionally, a Trnsys-based simulation was conducted to evaluate the effect of these mixtures on energy consumption. The results indicate that adding expanded clay granules reduces the thermal properties of gypsum plaster, likely due to water absorption during mixing. However, using gypsum plaster with 6% expanded clay led to an 18.16% energy gain. Moreover, insulation of exterior walls and roofs improved energy performance by 21.83% and 33.21%, respectively, while floor insulation negatively affected efficiency. These findings emphasize the importance of material selection in optimizing energy consumption. The study highlights the potential of integrating expanded clay in gypsum plaster to enhance building energy efficiency, offering valuable insights into sustainable construction practices.

Impact of barriers to challenges in education faced by children in a development-induced displaced population resettled in Semmencherry

Mohanambigai Mohanambigai — 2025-04-12

The studies on the impacts of development projects negatively affect the socioeconomic situations of families; it also leads to an imbalance in the educational system for children. The R&R packages have been given to the families; however, they are not maintained or administered in a reasonable manner. Internal displacement affects livelihoods, destroys family and community structures, impacts education, nutrition, and healthcare, and undermines traditional social norms, making children particularly vulnerable. The relocation of children may have a detrimental impact on their future, academic achievement, and health. This research aims to provide a thorough analysis of the consequences that forcibly removing children from their educational environment has on them. Many people were evacuated to make way for elevated express highway projects in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and were rehabilitated in Semmencherry. The aim of this study is to find out the impact of barriers to challenges in education faced by children in a development-induced displaced population resettled in Semmencherry. In this study, data were collected from 119 children, of which 57 are males and 62 are females. The sampling method used for this study is the lottery method. The findings show that there is a significant impact on the barriers to challenges in education faced by children in a development-induced displaced population resettled in Semmencherry.

Effects of diamond burnishing process parameters on the surface roughness of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel

Mariana Ichkova — 2025-04-12

Diamond burnishing (DB) is a low-cost and reliable finishing process that dramatically improves the performance of metal components due to the favorable combination of surface integrity characteristics: a mirror-like surface, high surface microhardness, residual compressive stresses, and a grain-refined structure of the surface and nearby subsurface layers. This article aims to establish the effects of DB on surface height (Ra) and shape (Rsk and Rku) roughness parameters of 304 austenitic stainless steel specimens. DB was implemented on a CNC lathe using a spherical-ended polycrystalline diamond insert with a radius of 2 mm and flood lubrication. The steel, with a hardness of 250 HB, was tested in its as-received state. A planned experiment with a second-order composition plan, analysis of variance, and regression analyses were used to achieve the goal. The significance of the process governing factors was established via an analysis of the dimensionless absolute values of the first-order coefficients in the regression models. Explicit correlations between the main governing factors (burnishing force, feed rate, and burnishing velocity) of the DB process and the selected roughness parameters were found. The results obtained allow for the optimal selection of the DB governing factor magnitudes depending on the functional purpose of the processed component.

Income and community service are the two most important factors in increasing motivation to teach equality tutors (Study on equality education program)

Luh Putu Arsih Karnadi — 2025-04-12

This study aims to explain the factors that affect the motivation of tutors to teach at PKBM Widya Sentana. The teaching and learning process at PKBM is carried out by tutors as educators. The importance of tutoring has not received much attention from the government, especially regarding professional careers. However, the lack of attention does not reduce the motivation of tutors to teach at PKBM. The research used a qualitative type with a phenomenological study approach. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed through a reduction process, data display, and data verification. Based on the findings, there are two important factors in increasing tutors' motivation to teach. The first factor is community service, which refers to internal encouragement; tutors teach with the aim of contributing to educating people's lives. The second factor is income, related to external encouragement; in teaching, tutors are given rewards according to their work performance. These two factors are interrelated and support the motivation of equality tutors to play a role in community-based, non-formal educational institutions. The results of this study can add insight into the role of equality education institutions in educating people's lives and can serve as a reference for relevant research in the future.

Fuzzy logic and linear regression modelling in breast cancer detection: A review

Reham A. Ahmed — 2025-04-12

The research investigates the effectiveness of breast cancer detection using linear regression models and fuzzy logic approaches, together with an analysis of their medical diagnostic applications and their associated limitations. The research evaluates performance results by analyzing both methods through a review of current studies, where linear regression demonstrates ease of interpretation alongside simplicity, but fuzzy logic shows strength in dealing with uncertainty along with nonlinear relationships. The research shows that while linear regression works simply, it fails to handle the complexity of medical data, but fuzzy logic handles complex medical diagnosis settings better, which suggests that adding fuzzy logic features to linear regression can boost diagnosis quality. The research finds that the hybrid technique involving fuzzy logic and linear regression may increase the accuracy of breast cancer detection. Furthermore, it highlights the requirement for further investigation of sophisticated artificial intelligence strategies, like neural networks, for addressing the basic techniques’ limitations. Practical Implications: The study offers a useful guide to medical and research professionals, indicating that beyond the intriguing integration of fuzzy logic from AI capabilities, there is the potential to improve diagnostic performance in a clinical setting. Future developments in computer AI-driven models will certainly create an even better workflow for breast cancer examination.

Business incubators role in fostering entrepreneurship: A comprehensive review of entrepreneurs’ selection process

Fozi Ali Belhaj — 2025-04-12

The study aims to review the status and an effective selection process of entrepreneurs from business incubators in Hadhramout, Yemen, as the most important process that primarily aims to investigate the innovative and creative ideas that orient small and medium-scale enterprises desirous of commercializing R&D results, especially from the research institutions, with a view to promoting innovation and entrepreneurship development. The study adopted a combination method of observing the status of the business incubators and conducting unstructured interviews with the educational institutions' managers who provide entrepreneurship programs. The study's results found that business incubators have a significant contribution to fostering entrepreneurship in the Yemeni business environment and also revealed that the steps and practices followed to select entrepreneurs play a major role in enhancing benefits and reducing the costs of the entrepreneurs' process. Theoretically, the study contributes to improving understanding of business incubators and introduces an effective process to select entrepreneurs. In addition, it reviews the role of business incubators in fostering entrepreneurship. The study also presents a practical contribution to public and private leaders to raise awareness of the importance of business incubators for promoting entrepreneurship at the small and medium enterprise level around the world.

The impact of income diversification on non-performing loans of commercial banks: Empirical evidence from Southeast Asia

Vu Xuan Thuy — 2025-04-12

This study investigates the determinants of the non-performing loan (NPL) ratio (BDR) in 65 listed commercial banks in Southeast Asia from 2016 to 2023, using fixed-effects panel regression with robust standard errors to analyze 440 observations. Data are taken from annual financial reports. The results show that higher income diversification (IND), measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, unexpectedly leads to a statistically significant increase in BDR (coefficient: 0.0275, p < 0.05). The COVID-19 pandemic also significantly increases BDR (coefficient: 0.0033, p < 0.01). In contrast, a higher capital adequacy ratio (CAR) significantly reduces BDR (coefficient: -0.0013, p < 0.01). Lagged BDR also positively affects current BDR (coefficient: 0.1659, p < 0.05), highlighting the persistence of NPL. Surprisingly, the non-interest income ratio (NIR), loan-to-asset ratio, cost-to-income ratio, and deposit-to-asset ratio do not significantly affect BDR. The findings have important implications for Southeast Asian bank regulators and policymakers, who should focus on sustainable income diversification rather than rapid expansion, as crucial for long-term stability.

The influence of labor remuneration on employee loyalty to the firm

Do Thi Tuoi — 2025-04-12

This study uses social exchange theory and psychological contract theory for the purpose of evaluating and measuring the influence of labor remuneration on employee loyalty to the firm. Through a survey of commercial and tourism firms in Hanoi, we employ quantitative research methods with the support of SPSS software. We utilize techniques including the analysis of the reliability of scales using the Cronbach alpha coefficient, EFA analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression. The research results indicate that the influence of five selected factors is statistically significant, while one factor has no influence on the dependent variable. The level of influence, in decreasing order, is salary, job content, financial benefits, training and development opportunities, and working environment. Consequently, the study proposes several recommendations on financial and non-financial remuneration to enhance employee loyalty to the firm. The research results also contribute to supporting firm leaders in making decisions regarding employee retention and improving the quality of human resources.

Analysis of employment trends and prediction model for Chinese college graduates based on natural language processing

Kong Jian — 2025-04-12

This study aims to address the employment challenges faced by Chinese college graduates by developing a predictive framework that integrates Natural Language Processing (NLP) with ensemble machine learning techniques. The methodology involves extracting features from both structured data (e.g., demographics, academic records) and unstructured text (e.g., job descriptions), followed by classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Bagging, and XGBoost algorithms. A weighted voting strategy is applied to fuse the model outputs. Experimental results using real-world data from 2010 to 2019 show that the ensemble model achieves 81.48% accuracy in employment type prediction and 81.53% in salary level prediction, outperforming individual models. These findings demonstrate that combining NLP-driven feature extraction with hybrid learning architectures can significantly enhance predictive performance. The study concludes that this integrated approach offers a powerful tool for analyzing employment trends and guiding graduate career planning. Practical implications suggest that universities and policymakers can adopt such models to improve employment guidance, tailor education to market demands, and enhance talent alignment strategies.

Bridging to possible: Empowering visually impaired students through assistive technology rehabilitative training to become better students and future employees

Elshemy, Radwa — 2025-04-12

Assistive technology (AT) has evolved rapidly and continues to develop among visually impaired students (VIS). The inclusion of VIS in mainstream education and employment is essential for building an inclusive society. However, it has been reported that VIS face numerous challenges in accessing and utilizing education and employment opportunities. This research paper aims to explore the effectiveness of assistive technology-based training in empowering VIS to become better future employees. The paper reviews various assistive technologies and their applications in facilitating learning and employment opportunities for visually impaired students. The study then uses a tri-level, mixed-method design to examine the impact of rehabilitative training that is based on assistive technology on the academic performance and employability of visually impaired students. The findings of the study reveal that assistive technology-based training has a significant positive impact on the academic performance and employability of VIS. The study recommends the integration of assistive technology-based training into the mainstream education system to provide equal learning and employment opportunities for visually impaired students.

Vibration-based structural anomaly detection and health monitoring of urban air mobility vehicles

Soeng-Weon Seo — 2025-04-14

The urban air mobility (UAM) market continues to grow as the importance of structural health monitoring (SHM) technology is increasingly emphasized for safe operation. This study proposes a Euclidean distance vector-based vibration analysis method for the early detection of abnormal vibrations and for performing safety diagnostics in the rotor-arm system of a multicopter-type UAM. Vibration experiments were conducted by simulating abnormal conditions such as mass imbalance, bolt loosening, and propeller damage in stages to verify this approach, thereby reflecting actual operating environments. The frequency response and vibration characteristics were analyzed in comparison to normal conditions. The analysis showed that even minor mass imbalances and bolt loosening caused a significant increase in vibration within specific frequency bands. Certain frequency bands exhibited pronounced damping effects as damage worsened, revealing complex dynamic behavior. These results confirm shifts in resonance frequency and dispersion of vibration energy due to structural dynamic changes, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the Euclidean distance vector-based analysis method in detecting such anomalies. In conclusion, the proposed method enables the early detection of anomalies in multicopter-type UAM rotor arms, providing a basis for safety diagnostics and potentially enhancing reliability through expansion into fault detection systems.

Educational aspects in the development of multicultural tourism: A multisite study on Pura Lingsar and Makam Batu Dendeng

Ni Nyoman Harnika — 2025-04-14

This study aims to explain the relationship between education and the development of multicultural tourism in Pura Lingsar and Makam Batu Dendeng. Tourism development often marginalizes the role of education, but in fact, optimal education plays a very important role in the process of tourism development based on multiculturalism. The study adapts qualitative research with multisite studies. The data was obtained using observation and interviews; in addition, the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model was used as a data analysis technique and integrated with triangulation techniques to obtain valid data. Based on the results of data analysis, the educational aspect in the development of multicultural-based tourism in Pura Lingsar and Makam Batu Dendeng consists of two scopes. First, education is an effort to preserve tradition and culture so that tourism does not become a destructive element that eliminates cultural identity. Second, education supports the strengthening and development of multicultural-based tourism for the economic progress of the community around Pura Lingsar and Makam Batu Dendeng, especially related to improving human resources. It can serve as a literature review on the importance of the educational aspect in tourism development.

Examining the structural design of deep pile foundation bridge under different directions of water movement

Ahmed Saeed Hakim — 2025-04-14

The impact of water movement presented by currents and waves poses significant challenges to marine structures, particularly in the structural design of bridge structures. Pile foundation bridges, extending into the sea, are particularly susceptible to variations in the direction of these forces. This study investigates the structural response of such structures to directional changes in current-wave forces. A series of numerical simulations were performed using ABAQUS software to model the interaction of current and wave forces with varying directions. The study examined the dynamic response of bridge piers, specifically in terms of acceleration and displacement under multiple load conditions along the pile cap foundation. To validate the numerical results, previous experimental studies were considered. The findings show that the inherent frequencies of the bridge pier are increased when water is present. The greatest dynamic response was observed when the current-wave forces were longitudinal (90°), compared to other directional combinations (0°, 45°, 135°, and 180°). The influence of the directional disparity between current and wave forces is substantial and must not be overlooked in bridge design. Therefore, accounting for the interaction between current and wave direction is critical for the structural integrity of deep-water bridges.

Maternal resistance to COVID-19 vaccination: Attitudes and knowledge in preschool children’s immunization

Roxana Belén Ochoa-Beggazo — 2025-04-14

Childhood immunization is a crucial public health measure, yet maternal resistance to COVID-19 vaccination for preschool-aged children remains a significant challenge. While prior research has explored general vaccine hesitancy, few studies have examined the direct relationship between maternal knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccination in this population. This study aims to analyze the reasons behind maternal vaccine hesitancy, assessing how knowledge gaps and attitudinal factors shape vaccination decisions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, collecting quantitative data through structured questionnaires and qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with 140 mothers in Arequipa, Peru. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed to identify key determinants of vaccine acceptance. Findings indicate that although most mothers adhere to routine immunization schedules, misinformation and concerns about vaccine safety contribute to hesitancy. A statistically significant correlation was found between maternal knowledge levels and positive vaccination attitudes. These results highlight the need for targeted educational campaigns and improved communication between healthcare providers and mothers. Future efforts should focus on addressing misinformation, reinforcing trust in vaccines, and implementing culturally adapted interventions. While this study provides critical insights, its non-probabilistic sampling limits generalizability, and further longitudinal research is required to track evolving attitudes over time.

Value representation in political branding, why political party needed it?

Rintulebda Anggung Kaloka — 2025-04-14

In an increasingly competitive political landscape, political branding plays a crucial role in shaping a party’s image and attracting voter support. This study explores the significance of value representation in political branding and why political parties need it to strengthen their identity and increase electability. Using a qualitative approach, this research analyzes how the values upheld by a political party influence public perception, foster voter loyalty, and differentiate the party from its competitors. This finding shows that the success of political imaging depends on how well the party's values align with the cultural values embraced by society. These cultural values must be represented in the branding strategy. A strong and authentic value representation enhances credibility, trust, and appeal, making a political party more relevant and sustainable in a dynamic political environment. Therefore, a deep understanding of value representation is essential for building a compelling and long-lasting political brand.

Grow proof ability student through mathematical working space strategies

Isnani Isnani — 2025-04-14

This research aims to assist students in solving mathematical proof problems. This qualitative study investigates the proving ability of mathematics education students in the Real Analysis course, with a special focus on sequence material. The research design incorporates experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies used. Participants are students who take part in the Real Analysis program at private universities in the northern coastal region of western Central Java, Indonesia, specifically in Tegal City during the 2022/2023 academic year. Three study participants were selected, each representing a different level of evidentiary ability. Data is collected through work documents, interviews, and structured testing, and then analyzed using iterative techniques, including data condensation, data exposure, and verification. The findings show that most students can follow the evidence and correct their mistakes. In the future, this research will prioritize developments related to proof to improve quality-proof capabilities and explore the obstacles faced in studying proof problems. This research can ultimately contribute to more effective teaching of Real Analysis by providing a deeper understanding of the evidence problem that can be easily learned.

Determinants of internal audit effectiveness and its mediating role in fraud prevention

Lai Thi Thu Thuy — 2025-04-14

This study examines the determinants of internal audit effectiveness and its mediating role in fraud prevention within Vietnamese listed firms. A quantitative approach was adopted, with data collected from 228 internal auditors, chief accountants, CFOs, and audit committee members through structured questionnaires. Using Structural Equation Modeling, the results reveal that auditor competence, independence, information technology adoption, and collaboration between internal and external auditors significantly enhance internal audit effectiveness. In turn, internal audit effectiveness contributes to fraud prevention by strengthening internal controls, promoting transparency, and enabling early risk detection. Managerial support, however, demonstrated neither a direct nor an indirect effect on internal audit effectiveness or fraud prevention. These findings underscore the strategic role of internal audit in corporate governance and emphasize the need for capacity building within audit departments. The study offers practical insights for organizations and policymakers in emerging economies aiming to build robust anti-fraud frameworks and improve internal oversight mechanisms through more effective internal auditing practices.

Sources of information about complementary and alternative medicine commonly used by oncology patients and healthcare professionals

Racz Aleksandar — 2025-04-14

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is increasingly utilized in oncology care; however, significant disparities exist regarding the trusted sources of CAM information among oncology patients and healthcare professionals. This study aimed to systematically evaluate these information sources, their credibility, and their influence on medical decision-making. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sisters of Mercy University Hospital Center in Zagreb from November 2022 to May 2023. The sample consisted of 832 respondents, comprising 411 oncology patients and 421 healthcare professionals, including 100 physicians, 321 nurses, and technicians. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire based on modified CHBQ and IMAQ instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied, including one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test to identify differences among groups. The most common sources of CAM information for patients were family and friends (82.6%), while healthcare professionals were more inclined to use the internet and media (61.4%). Statistically significant differences in attitudes were identified between patients and healthcare professionals regarding their information sources (p < 0.05). These findings underscore a pressing need for standardized, evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) education that is tailored to both patients and healthcare providers. Addressing these disparities through targeted educational interventions could enhance informed decision-making, reduce misinformation, and optimize the delivery of integrative oncology care. Future research should focus on developing verified CAM information frameworks to ensure a more consistent and scientifically grounded approach in oncology settings.

The effect of social interaction on academic performance: The moderating influence of cultural background

Abeer Alraggad — 2025-04-15

This study seeks to examine the impact of social interactions, including cooperation, containment, conflict, and competition, on a student's academic performance in Jordan. In addition, it aims to determine how the cultural context influences the associations between such social interactions and accomplishments. The data obtained from Zarqa University and the University of Jordan were used to carry out descriptive statistics on the demographic of the participants, as well as to assess the major variables. Social interactivity with culture as a moderating factor was analyzed using structural equation modeling with SmartPLS to examine the relationship between social interactions and academic performance. A reliability and validity test is conducted on the measurement model by taking into account factor loadings, composites, and average variances. The structural model tests the paths of the proposed hypotheses by estimating path coefficients, t-values, and R² values of the relationships. Ethical clearance is provided by the ethics boards of the two universities for data collection, which is conducted within 2-3 weeks using class or online surveys. This study provides evidence of how certain social interactions and cultural aspects affect performance in university education.

Terrorism in Indonesian literature and film: A psychological perspective through readers' responses

Anas Ahmadi — 2025-04-15

Terrorism is currently being discussed and researched on a global scale because it is controversial in various countries. On the one hand, terrorism is considered a trigger for war. On the other hand, it is viewed as an impact of the global world. In this regard, this research aims to explore terrorism in Indonesian literature and film from the perspective of reader responses. The theory used in this research is a psychological study of reader response, which adapts Iser's thinking. The method employed is qualitative. The respondents are 200 teenagers (ages 18-20 years). The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and interviews. The research results show that, first, in relation to readability, more than 50 percent of respondents have read and watched Indonesian films related to terrorism. Second, Indonesian literature and films related to terrorism are closely connected to psychology. Third, these works have a psychological influence on their readers. For this reason, Indonesian literature and films related to terrorism actually have more positive aspects than negative ones. Fourth, from the aspect of reader responses related to criticism of Indonesian literature and films, the theme of terrorism serves to eliminate stereotypes in film representation.

Convolutional neural network-based approach for edge detection in autonomous driving

Marvy Badr Monir Mansour — 2025-04-15

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) hold promise for enhancing safety and efficiency on the roads; yet, concerns persist due to rising fatalities involving vehicles equipped with ADSs. This research comprehensively examines the technical components of ADSs, including current challenges, system designs, evolving techniques, and critical features like sensor technologies such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and cameras. These sensors enable vehicles to perceive their environment accurately, facilitating tasks such as navigation and obstacle avoidance. Advanced edge detection strategies for lane detection and the usage of Lane Keeping Assist (LKA) structures are crucial technologies for ADS. Hence, in this paper, we implement a modified Sobel edge detection algorithm to improve its performance for lane detection and integrate a CNN-based approach into our system. By trying various Gaussian filter parameters, we develop an optimized edge detection system that performs well in different lighting and weather conditions, such as low light or rainy weather. In our work, we implement a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for edge detection and train it using a comprehensive dataset of road images and traffic scenes. The dataset includes a diverse range of conditions, such as different lighting (day and night), weather (clear, rainy, foggy), and road types (highways, urban streets, rural roads). This extensive dataset allows the CNN to learn features robustly and generalize well across various driving scenarios. Simulation and results show that our CNN-based approach has high performance, as it exhibits high accuracy and low processing time needed for ADSs.

Atomistic simulation of two-dimensional 1T-MnX2 sheets under uniaxial tension

Nguyen Huu Tu — 2025-04-15

We investigate the mechanical properties of two-dimensional 1T-MnX2 materials through the molecular dynamics finite element method with the Stillinger-Weber potential. The two-dimensional Young’s modulus, Poisson’s coefficient, maximum stress, and strain of these materials are examined for four 1T-MnX2 sheets. The effects of the armchair and zigzag directions on the mechanical properties under uniaxial tension are considered and discussed. Under uniaxial tension, we have determined the main mechanical properties. For 1T-MnO2, the maximum stress (σt) was 16.794 N/m in the armchair direction, and the maximum elastic modulus (Et) was 154.96 N/m in the zigzag direction. For 1T-MnTe2, the maximum Poisson's ratio (ν) observed was 0.181 in the armchair direction. These materials are considered approximately isotropic and are characterized by brittle fracture. Simulation results will help to design and use two-dimensional 1T-MnX2 sheet-based nanocomposites and nanodevices.

The role of higher education in sustainable national development: Reflections from an international perspective

Ming-Kuo Chen — 2025-04-15

Education as initiation is a profound concept that suggests education transcends the mere transmission of knowledge. It emphasizes the role of education in guiding students into deeper understandings of the world, culture, values, and ways of thinking, and advancing sustainable national development for a country. Higher education plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable national development, with its impacts and challenges intricately shaped by the political, economic, and cultural contexts of individual nations. This article advocates for a balanced approach that protects local knowledge systems and cultural traditions amidst the forces of globalization, ensuring that higher education remains inclusive, equitable, and responsive to evolving global dynamics. It examines the multifaceted contributions of higher education to sustainable development across four critical dimensions: (1) promoting economic development and innovation-driven growth for a nation, (2) enhancing social mobility and equity for a nation, (3) fostering culture and global competitiveness for a nation, and (4) promoting academic freedom for a nation. The article argues that higher education can serve as a transformative force—not only driving economic advancement but also fostering cultural continuity and enhancing social cohesion—thereby contributing holistically to sustainable national development.

Family-based care model for dependent elderly: Integration family systems nursing theory and disengagement theory to achieve sustainable development goals

Fery Agusman Motuho Mendrofa — 2025-04-15

The aim of this research is to design an innovative family-centered care model using Family Systems Nursing Theory and Disengagement Theory in an effort to address the needs of dependent elderly individuals and support the 2030 SDG agenda. A sequential mixed-methods design collected data from 120 families with dependent elderly individuals, 45 healthcare providers, and 25 community stakeholders through surveys, interviews, focus groups, record reviews, and direct observation. Formal support systems had significant gaps, with 78% of care work falling onto untrained family members. The proposed model establishes a multi-level intervention system aimed at family empowerment, balanced disengagement, and community integration in alignment with SDGs 3 and 10 through three interlocking care circles. The model was found to demonstrate enhanced quality of life for both elderly individuals and caregivers considerably while reducing the need for hospitalization to a large degree. The approach enables sustainable elderly care by providing a culturally sensitive response to aging problems. The model positions healthcare professionals as facilitators instead of principal providers, empowering families through knowledge and skill enhancement while activating extended family members, volunteers, and formal services.