Design of log-periodic antennas for the 1-3 GHz frequency range

This study presents a comprehensive analysis, simulation, and experimental evaluation of printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) antennas operating within the 1-3 GHz frequency spectrum. The purpose of this investigation is to develop high-performance, wideband antenna configurations using affordable FR4 substrate technology, achieving an optimal balance between electrical performance and physical compactness. The methodology/approach involves evaluating multiple LPDA models with varying element counts (8, 10, and 13 elements) using CST Studio Suite for geometric optimization, followed by the fabrication and testing of prototypes in an anechoic chamber to validate radiation patterns and return loss. The key findings demonstrate that while increasing element count enhances gain consistency and directional stability, it introduces dimensional trade-offs. Notably, the 13-element configuration achieves a maximum realized gain of 7.4 dBi and a VSWR around 1.5 across the designated band. In conclusion, this research provides critical insights into the necessary design trade-offs for modern communication applications. The practical implications of these results offer an efficient framework for engineers to select optimal antenna configurations based on specific gain requirements and spatial constraints.