The relevance of the study is due to the fact that intellectual migration has become a reality of our days, its flows in the world are increasing every year, having a significant impact on affected countries, their economic development, global competitiveness and national security. The currently observed change in the main characteristics of migration necessitates deepening of research in this area of knowledge. The article represents an attempt to comprehend the nature and essence of today emigration of intellectual human capital both in developing and developed countries, and consequences of appropriate migration processes based on multi-aspect approach.